Consider a game where a potential market Entrant is trying to decide whether or not to enter the market. An Incumbent monopolist is established and can choose to cut the price, maintain the price, or raise the price in hopes of deterring the Entrant from entering. Incumbent Entrant Enter Stay Out Cut Price -4,4 0,9 Maintain Price 4,6 0,12 Raise Price 5,5 0, 13 a) Suppose the Entrant and the Incumbent make their decisions simultaneously. Is there a pure strategy Nash equilibrium? If so, what is it? b) Suppose the players move sequentially, and that the Entrant moves first. Set up the game tree and solve for the equilibrium path. Can the Incumbent deter entry? Explain. c) Now suppose that the Incumbent moves first. Again, set up the game tree. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium outcome now? Can the Incumbent deter entry now?

Consider a game where a potential market Entrant is trying to decide whether or not to enter the market. An Incumbent monopolist is established and can choose to cut the price, maintain the price, or raise the price in hopes of deterring the Entrant from entering. Incumbent Entrant Enter Stay Out Cut Price -4,4 0,9 Maintain Price 4,6 0,12 Raise Price 5,5 0, 13 a) Suppose the Entrant and the Incumbent make their decisions simultaneously. Is there a pure strategy Nash equilibrium? If so, what is it? b) Suppose the players move sequentially, and that the Entrant moves first. Set up the game tree and solve for the equilibrium path. Can the Incumbent deter entry? Explain. c) Now suppose that the Incumbent moves first. Again, set up the game tree. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium outcome now? Can the Incumbent deter entry now?

Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies and Tactics (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305506381

Author:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. Harris

Publisher:James R. McGuigan, R. Charles Moyer, Frederick H.deB. Harris

Chapter12: Price And Output Determination: Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1E

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Consider the optimal pricing policy of a monopolist selling information goods. There are three types of consumers, and there is one consumer of each type. The monopolist knows that there arethree types of consumers and the valuations of each type (i.e. the tables below), but cannot tell to which type a consumer belongs (so that personalised pricing is impossible). As the products are information goods, marginal costs are zero, and fixed costs are already sunk. Assume throughout that, when a player is indifferent, she will choose the higher-priced version.The monopolist can offer up to three versions (versions X, Y and Z) of the information good. The three types of consumers have valuations for the different versions as given in the following table: Version x Version Y Version z 1 consumer: 70 120 130 2 consumer: 140 140 200 3 consumer: 170 180 250 (I.e.: If the type 1 consumer is charged a price of 60 for version X and a price of 100 for version Y, the consumer will…
Consider the optimal pricing policy of a monopolist selling information goods. There are three types of consumers, and there is one consumer of each type. The monopolist knows that there arethree types of consumers and the valuations of each type (i.e. the tables below), but cannot tell to which type a consumer belongs (so that personalised pricing is impossible). As the products are information goods, marginal costs are zero, and fixed costs are already sunk. Assume throughout that, when a player is indifferent, she will choose the higher-priced bundle. There are three basic goods (products A, B and C), and the monopolist can choose which bundles of goods they want to offer, and the price of these bundles. The three types of consumers have valuations for the different products as given in the following table: (I.e.: If consumers are charged a price of 5 for product A, the type 1 consumer would buy this product as she achieves a surplus of 10 – 5 = 5. If, in addition, the consumers…
In Salop’s model of entry deterrence, the unconstrained monopoly earns profits (in present value terms) equal to some amount v0. Suppose v0 = 100. If entry were to occur, the two firms would share the market, each earning v1.(A) Why do we expect 2 v1 to be less than 100 ? (B) The incumbent monopoly can prevent entry by expending a fixed and irreversible amount C that the entrant must match. What conditions on the size of C will both successfully prevent entry, and equally importantly, result in greater profit for the incumbent than by allowing entry?
You are considering entering a market serviced by a monopolist. You currently earn £0 economic profits, while the monopolist earns £5. If you enter the market and the monopolist engages in a price war, you will lose £5 and the monopolist will earn £1. If the monopolist doesn't engage in a price war, you will each earn profits of £2. (a) Write out the extensive form of the above game? (b) Are there any Nash equilibria for the game? Explain. (c) Is there a subgame perfect equilibrium? Explain. (d) If you were the potential entrant, would you enter? Explain why or why not.
1. Consider an industry with inverse demand given by p = 8 – q, where p is the price, and q is the quantity. There is one incumbent firm and one potential entrant. In the first stage of the game, the incumbent chooses its quantity qi. In the second stage, the potential entrant observes qi and chooses its quantity Ce. The potential entrant can also decide not to enter the market. The production technology of both firms are represented by the cost function C = 2q. To enter industry implies a fixed entry cost of F. (a) Find the equilibrium of the game, assuming that the potential entrant enters the industry. What are the profits of firms? (b) Assume that entry is not blockaded. For which values of F does the incumbent firm prefer to deter entry? (c) For which values of F, entry blockaded?
(Market Entry Deterrence): NSG is considering entry into the local phone market inthe Bay Area. The incumbent S&P, predicts that a price war will result if NSG enters. If NSG staysout, S&P earns monopoly profits valued at $10 million (net present value, or NPV of profits),while NSG earns zero. If NSG enters, it must incur irreversible entry costs of $2 million. If there isa price war, each firm earns $1 million (NPV). S&P always has the option of accommodatingentry (i.e., not starting a price war). In such a case, both firms earn $4 million (NPV). Supposethat the timing is such that NSG first has to choose whether or not to enter the market. ThenS&P decides whether to “accommodate entry” or “engage in a price war.”a. Model this as a dynamic game and draw the game tree.b. What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium outcome to this sequential game?
The inverse market demand for fax paper is given by P=100-Q. There are two firms who produce fax paper. Firm 1 has a cost of production of C1= 15*Q1 and firm 2 has a cost of production of C2=20*Q2 a) Suppose that firm play a Stackelberg game. First firm 1 sets the quantity in t=1, then, knowing which quantityfirm 1 has set, firm 2 chooses the quantity in t=2. What are the Stackelberg quantities and prices? What arethe profits od firm 1 and 2? Compared to part a) which firm benefits and which firm loses?
Consider any market that has an inverted demand curve given by P = 200-0.6Qd, where P is the market price and Qd is the quantity demanded. Whatever the market structure, it is known that the production of this good takes place through Cmg = CVme= $80.00. Consider that the production of this market can be done by a monopolist company or by two duopolists. If it is a duopoly, the companies will organize themselves as a Stackelberg duopoly and will each have a fixed cost of $1,500.00. If it is a monopoly, this company will have a lot of expenses with licenses with the government, as it is the only one to explore the resource. In this way, your fixed costs would reach $5,000.00. Given this information, evaluate the best balance for this market, from the point of view of consumers.
Market demand is given by p= 12-Q. There are two firms; the incumbent firm (1) and the entrant firm (E). Incumbent moves first by choosing quantity q, from the interval [0.1]. The entrant observes q and decides whether or not to enter and how much to produce if he enters (qe). There is no fixed cost of entry. If the entrant decides to stay out, his profit is zero and the incumbent enjoys a monopoly position. Suppose that both incumbent and entrant have identical marginal costs equal to c= 8 a) What is the subgame perfect equilibrium of this game? What are the quantities produced by the incumbent and entrant? What are their profits? b) What is the minimum quantity that must be produced by the incumbent to deter entry (to make entry unprofitable)? In this game, will the incumbent ever try to deter entry by increasing quantity?
Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the reaction curve of oligopolists? b) What will be the production of each of the companies? c) What is the selling price practiced by oligopolists? d) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? e) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will…
Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? b) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will remain very close to what they are today and its profits will not increase"
Consider a quantity-setting duopoly. The two firms are Alpha, Ltd. and Beta, Inc. The demand schedulein this market is: p Qd180 150155 175130 200Each firm has a constant marginal cost of 30 per unit. Suppose each firm can choose to produce either 75units or 100 units. Firms make their quantity choices simultaneously and the market price is whatever itneeds to be to sell the total output in the market.(a) Draw up the normal form game matrix, showing the players, strategies, and payoffs. Show your workdetermining the profits in each box in the matrix.(b) Determine the Nash equilibrium of this game.(c) Suppose the firms were able to come to an agreement to make more profit. What would this agreementbe?(d) Explain how the government might respond to such an agreement and why.