Consider the following hypothetical biochemical reaction: OH Y: 0 enzyme 00 OH What are X and Y? Write their standard symbols below. ola You can assume the reaction takes place under normal physiological conditions, and any typical small-molecule reactants, like water or inorganic phosphate, are available in excess. Hint: X is synthesized in the human body from niacin. X H FEED

Consider the following hypothetical biochemical reaction: OH Y: 0 enzyme 00 OH What are X and Y? Write their standard symbols below. ola You can assume the reaction takes place under normal physiological conditions, and any typical small-molecule reactants, like water or inorganic phosphate, are available in excess. Hint: X is synthesized in the human body from niacin. X H FEED

Living by Chemistry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781464142314

Author:Angelica M. Stacy

Publisher:Angelica M. Stacy

ChapterU6: Showtime: Reversible Reactions And Chemical Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7STP

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Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation C6H12O6(aq)2C3H6O3(aq) G=198 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is 5.0103 M, while that of lactic acid is 2.9103 M. Calculate AG for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation G=G+RT In Q, where Q is the concentration quotient, analogous to K.
Sucrose is oxidized according to the following formula. C12H22O11 + O2 → CO2 + H2O You are investigating cellular metabolism in vitro. Under your experimental conditions, you plate 12 million cells in a dish using 10 ml of cell culture media. You grow the cells in a special instrument that can measure metabolic gases. After 24 hours, you instrument has detected that 28.8 mg of oxygen have been consumed and the same mass of carbon dioxide released. Your previous tests have shown that these cells consume 75 μg/106 cells-h. (a) Determine the limiting reagent, (b) percent excess of the other reagent, percent conversion for both reactants, and (c)extent of reaction (ξ). (d) Your initial concentration of sucrose in your cell culture media is 13.0mM. Your instrumentation can only resolve sucrose concentration at 0.1 mM increments. Can you detect the change in sucrose concentration with your instrumentation?
In the body, the amino acid valine C5H11NO2(aq)C5H11NO2(aq)reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide, liquid water, and urea, CH4N2O(aq)CH4N2O(aq).
Stoichiometric calculations. (show computations)K, a pharmaceutical scientist aims to synthesize paracetamol by reacting 3.075 mg of p-aminophenol and 2.25 milliliters of acetic anhydride to produce paracetamol and acetic acid. C6H7NO + C4H6O3 à C8H9NO2 + C2H4O2 Is the chemical reaction balanced? If yes, write YES. If not, what should be the balanced equation? What is the molecular weight of p-aminophenol? What is the molecular weight of acetic anhydride? What is the molecular weight of paracetamol? What is the limiting reactant? How many grams of paracetamol was formed? K was able to produce 1.88 grams of paracetamol. What is the percentage yield?
balancing equations C2H6+O2=CH3COOH+H2O
Which of the following is true of reduction reaction? It is the removal of electrons from an atom or molecule. They are also referred to as dehydrogenation reactions An example of which is the conversion of Pyruvic acid to Lactic acid There is a decrease in the potential energy of the atom or molecule Which cells in the body convert most of the remaining fructose and practically all of the galactose to glucose? Sertoli cells Erythrocytes Parietal cells Hepatocytes Which of the following substances can be considered as metabolic intermediates?* Water ATP Pyruvic acid Glucose
what type of reaction occurs when sugar (C12H22O11) is heated? The (unbalanced) reaction again is C12H22O11 ----> C + H2O A) Combustion B) Decomposition
Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes known. If 10 µg of this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 0.30 g of CO2 to bicarbonate in 1 minute at 37˚C. What is the Kcat value for this enzyme in min -1?
1. The great, great grandparents of one of your classmates sold their factory to thegovernment 104 years ago for $150,000. If these proceeds had been invested at 6%,how much would this legacy be worth today? Assume annual compounding. 2. A friend who owns a perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 at the end of each year,forever, comes to you and offers to sell you all of the payments to be received after the25th year for a price of $1,000. At an interest rate of 10%, should you pay the $1,000today to receive payment numbers 26 and onwards? What does this suggest to youabout the value of perpetual payments? 3. Your aunt, in her will, left you the sum of $5,000 a year forever with payments startingimmediately. However, the news is better. She has specified that the amount shouldgrow at 5% per year to maintain purchasing power. Given an interest rate of 12%, whatis the PV of the inheritance?
4 . The average human requires 120.0 grams of glucose (C6H12O6) per day. The photosynthetic reaction is: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 How many grams of CO2 (in the photosynthesis reaction) are required for this amount of glucose?
On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a ‘health camp’ for the poor farmers living in a nearby village. After check-up, he was shocked to see that most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of superspeciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India. (i) Write the values shown by (a) Dr. Satpal (b) NHRC. (ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pain of terminal cancer? (iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients.
The first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?