Consider the given fatty acids under the given cell condition or location: • Fatty acids (a, b c) from the hydrolysis of the given TAG in a liver cell where amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis is very active. b Determine the gross ATP from ß-oxidation cycles, gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced, gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable),
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- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Consider fatty acids from the hydrolysis of the given TAG in a liver cell where amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis is very active For each fatty acid given, determine the following. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) Total number of ATP deducted Total net ATPConsider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid(C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). i. How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?ii. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?iii. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the completecatabolism of each fatty acid (show your calculation).iv. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized.
- Before a fatty acid can undergo β-oxidation, it must be activated and then shuttled across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The activating agent and shuttle molecule are, respectively: A. CoA and carnitine B. CoA and citrate C. acetyl CoA and carnitine D. acetyl CoA and citrateIndicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway in the given conditions a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesisPlace the following list of reactions or relevant locations in the β oxidation of fatty acids in the proper order. (a) Reaction with carnitine (b) Fatty acid in the cytoplasm (c) Activation of fatty acid by joining to CoA (d) Hydration (e) NAD+ -linked oxidation (f) Thiolysis (g) Acyl CoA in mitochondrion (h) FAD-linked oxidation.
- Under aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?How many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of each propionyl-CoA product of fatty acid oxidation? Compare this to the ATP yield for each acetyl-CoA.
- All of the following are accurate contrasts for beta oxidation vs fatty acid synthesis except which of the following statements? Group of answer choices The hydroxylacyl group differs in stereochemistry between beta oxidation and biosynthesis CoA is the acyl carrier group in beta oxidation, acyl carrier protein is the carrier in biosynthesis The carbon unit resulting from beta oxidation is acetyl-CoA, the carbon unit for biosynthesis is malonyl-CoA FAD is an electron acceptor in beta oxidation, NADP+ is the electron acceptor in biosynthesisComplete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Show complete solutions Answers a. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? b. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? c. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?Fatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism? Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)