Consider the Kreb's Cycle below. Fill in the blanks using the pool of answers below. Acetyl-SCOA enzyme B NADH substrate substrate Aconitase NAD* enzyme malate substrate NAD* fumarase NADH Isocitrate dehydrogenase CO2 fumarate a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase a-ketoglutarate CoA product enzyme J CoA CO2 substrate substrate succinyl-SCOA substrate product substrate product
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- A patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis uses the following medications. Explain the pharmacodynamics of the medications. Diovan 80 mg po OD Prinivil 10 mg po OD Omeprazole 20 mg OD Lantus 18 units subcutaneous q AM Humalog 19 units subcutaneous TID before mealsDefine the following terms: (2-3 sentences)1. Metabolism2. Glycolysis3. Beta oxidation4. Chemiosmosis5. Deamination6. Transamination7. Oxidation8. ReductionAlpha-glucosidase inhibitors are contraindicated in all of the following cases, except:A. Diabetic ketoacidosisA. Liver cirrhosisB. HypertensionC. Large abdominal herniasD. Ulcerative colitis
- What is the most dangerous adverse effect following use of biguanides?A. Lactic acidosisB. HypoglycaemiaC. Diabetic ketoacidosisD. HyperosmolalityE. Hyperglycaemia. Discuss the purpose of fluid and electrolyte therapy for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis.Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesis
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been linked to a sugary diet. Explain?Match the following descriptions to the given choices. Enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes Enzyme inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in prostaglandin synthesis Promote platelet aggregation and smooth muscle contraction Parent structure of prostaglandins A. Cyclooxygenase B. Lipoxygenase C. PGH2 D. TxB2 E. Prostanoic acid F. Arachidonic acidList the enzymes (and their functions) in order which are used for glycolisis
- Define the following terms:a. SAMb. SAHc. THFd. homocysteinee. one-carbon metabolismChoose which enzyme is likely deficient based on the symptoms described below: Elevated blood lactate, alanine and pyruvate a) lactate dehydrogenase d) citrate synthase c) pyruvate dehydrogenase d) pyruvate kinaseDefine the following terms:a. prenylationb. steroidc. digitalisd. lipoproteine. apolipoprotein