Consider the monopolistically competitive market structure, which has some features of a perfectly competitive market and some features of a monopoly. Complete the following table by indicating whether each attribute characterizes a perfectly competitive market, a monopolistically competitive market, both, or neither. Check all that apply. Attributes Perfectly Competitive Market Monopolistically Competitive Market Price equals average total cost in the long run Price is equal to marginal cost Free entry Identical products O O
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- Inverse elasticity rule Use the first-order condition (Equation 15.2 ) for a Cournot firm to show that the usual inverse elasticity rule from Chapter 11 holds under Cournot competition (where the elasticity is associated with an individual firm's residual demand, the demand left after all rivals sell their output on the market). Manipulate Equation 15.2 in a different way to obtain an equivalent version of the inverse elasticity rule: pMCp=sieQ,p , where si=qi/Q is firm i's market share and eQp is the elasticity of market demand. Compare this version of the inverse elasticity rule with that for a monopolist from the previous chapter.Smyth Industries operated as a monopolist for the past several years, earning annual profits amounting to $50 million, which it could have maintained if Jones Incorporated did not enter the market. The result of this increased competition is lower prices and lower profits; Smyth Industries now earns $10 million annually. The managers of Smyth Industries are trying to devise a plan to drive Jones Incorporated out of the market so Smyth can regain its monopoly position (and profit). One of Smyth's managers suggests pricing its product 50 percent below marginal cost for exactly one year. The estimated impact of such a move is a loss of $1 billion. Ignoring antitrust concerns, compute the present value of Smyth Industries' profits if it could have remained a monopoly when the interest rate was 5 percent. Multiple Choice $210 million $200 million $1.05 billion $100 millionCOPEC is the acronym for the cartel of copper-exporting countries. As part of an international trade deal, the US has pledged to acquire all of the copper that COPEC wishes to sell to the US at a constant price of $100 per tonne. Copper is also sold in Europe by COPEC at a price of $150 per tonne. COPEC acts like a monopolist -if it is profit maximising to sell in the United States at $100 per tonne and simultaneously to sell in Europe for $150 a tonne, what is the price elasticity of demand of COPEC’s copper in the European market? Explain each stage in the development of the elasticity's value, including the underlying economic theory method.
- The smartphone market has been dominated by Apple, but recently the Droid has been able to leverage Google's information services into market gains, while Blackberry, known for its secure business-oriented network, has attempted to become more attractive with a “friendlier” interface. At the same time, a number of less capable fringe firms are emerging. Suppose an economist analyzes this industry as follows: ECONOMIST: The market had been a near Apple monopoly. Profits of this monopoly attracted entry by Droid- and Blackberry-based phones, increasing rivalry between firms in the industry. The emergence of smaller fringe firms suggests that entry barriers have fallen substantially, so competition has or will soon become fiercer. True or False: This analysis is consistent with the industrial organization (IO) view.According to International Data Corporation (IDC), the number of worldwide smartphone owners will soon exceed 1.5 billion. That number is expected to grow at nearly 10 percent per year for the next five years. While the actual cost of a smartphone is about $300, wireless carriers in some countries offer their customers a “free” smartphone with a two-year wireless service agreement. Is this pricing strategy rational? ExplainBaker Enterprises operates a midsized company that specializes in the production of a unique type of memory chip. It is currently the only firm in the market, and it earns $10 million per year by charging the monopoly price of $115 per chip. Baker is concerned that a new firm might soon attempt to clone its product. If successful, this would reduce Baker’s profit to $4 million per year. Estimates indicate that, if Baker increases its output to 280,000 units (which would lower its price to $100 per chip), the entrant will stay out of the market and Baker will earn profits of $8 million per year for the indefinite future. 1. What must Baker do to credibly deter entry by limit pricing? 2. Does it make sense for Baker to limit price if the interest rate is 10 percent?
- There are two ice-cream parols on a beach. The dayly demand for ice-creams is given by Q = 3079 - 3p. The average variable cost of an ice-cream is 70, while the rent of the place is 966. How many ice-creams is the 'Leader' company selling if the two ice-cream stands operate as Stackelberg duopolists? (Please use 2 decimals in your answer.)There are two competing Internet-based providers of medical information suitable for patients. ProPatient currently charges $150 per year to subscribers of its service which helps patients learn more about their medical conditions. Its competitor, AskUs Health, currently charges $125 for a similar service. The current level of advertising by ProPatient is $2,500,000. ProPatient has tracked its volume of subscribers as a function of its price, the price of AskUs services, and of its own marketing expenditures designed to promote the service. The marketing department at ProPatient estimated its demand relationship based on these data. Here is the result:QP = 120,000 - 900PP + 400PA +.02MPwhere QP = quantity of subscribers to ProPatient PP = price charged by ProPatient PA = price charged by AskUs Health M P = Marketing expenditures by ProPatient(all values of the independent variables are in dollars)ProPatient’s fixed cost to establish and maintain the business is $10,000,000 plus…There are two competing Internet-based providers of medical information suitable for patients. ProPatient currently charges $150 per year to subscribers of its service which helps patients learn more about their medical conditions. Its competitor, AskUs Health, currently charges $125 for a similar service. The current level of advertising by ProPatient is $2,500,000. ProPatient has tracked its volume of subscribers as a function of its price, the price of AskUs services, and of its own marketing expenditures designed to promote the service. The marketing department at ProPatient estimated its demand relationship based on these data. Here is the result:QP = 120,000 - 900PP + 400PA +.02MPwhere QP = quantity of subscribers to ProPatient PP = price charged by ProPatient PA = price charged by AskUs Health M P = Marketing expenditures by ProPatient(all values of the independent variables are in dollars)ProPatient’s fixed cost to establish and maintain the business is $10,000,000 plus…
- The cartel of copper exporting countries is called COPEC. As part of an international trade agreement, the United States has agreed to buy all the copper that COPEC wants to sell to the United States at a constant price of $100 per tonne. COPEC also sells copper in Europe at a price of $150 per tonne. COPEC acts just like a monopolist; if it finds it is profit maximising to sell in the United States at $100 per tonne and simultaneously to sell in Europe for $150 a tonne, what is the price elasticity of demand of COPEC’s copper in the European market?A monopolistic company has to spend exactly $3000 as total cost for the production of a number of Basic Science and Mathematics textbooks for three schools. The Basic Science textbook sells at P1 = 455 – Q1 – Q2 and the Mathematics textbook at P2 = 910 – Q1 – 4Q2 where P1 and P2 denote the prices; Q1 and Q2 denote the number of Basic science and mathematics textbooks produced respectively. The joint cost of producing these textbooks is given as TC = 5Q1 + 10Q2(i) Find the maximum profit the producer can make(ii) Estimate the new profit if the company decides to reduce the total costby $50 (Assume that 2nd order conditions are satisfied) Question 2A monopolistic producer of two goods, G1 and G2, has a joint total cost function as ?? = 10?1 + 4?1?2 + 5?2Where Q1 and Q2 denote the quantities of G1 and G2 respective. If P1 and P2denote corresponding prices then the demand equations are P1 =50–1.5Q1 +Q2P2 =52.5+Q1 –1.5Q2(a) Find the total revenue function for the monopolist(b) Find the…Forey, Inc., competes against many other firms in a highly competitive industry. Over the last decade, several firms have entered this industry and, as a consequence, Forey is earning a reLurn on investment that roughly equals the interest rate. Furthermore, the four-firm concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index are both quite small, but the Rothschild index is significantly greater than zero. Based on this information, which market structure best characterizes the industry in which Forey competes? Explain.