Consider the reaction:2NH3(g) + 202(g) → N₂O(g) + 3H₂O(!)Using standard thermodynamic data at 298 K, calculate the entropy change for the surroundings when 1.85 moles of NH3 (9) react at standard conditions.Substance AH (kJ/mol)NH₁(9)-46.102 (9)0.0N₂O(g)82.1H₂O(!)-285.8J/KAS°surroundings

To find the entropy change for the surroundings, use the relationship between heat (q in joules) and…

Answered: Consider the reaction: 2NH3(g) + 202(g)…

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter13: Spontaneous Processes And Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46AP

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Use data from Appendix D to calculate the standardentropy change at 25°C for the reaction CH3COOH(g)+NH3(g)CH3NH2(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose that 1.00 mol each of solid acetamide, CH3CONH2(s), and water, H2O(l), react to give thesame products. Will the standard entropy change belarger or smaller than that calculated for the reactionin part (a)?
Billions of pounds of acetic acid are made each year, much of it by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. (AssumeT= 298 K.) CH3OH() + CO(g) CH3COOH() (a) By calculating the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for this reaction, show that it is product-favored. (b) Determine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG,for the reaction of acetic acid with oxygen to form gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water. (c) Based on this result, is acetic acid thermodynamicallystable compared with CO2(g) and H2O()? (d) Is acetic acid kinetically stable compared with CO2(g)and H2O()?
In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous process, why is it important that the phrase “continuous intervention” be used rather than just “intervention?”
Explain why absolute entropies can be measured.
Appendix J lists standard molar entropies S, not standard entropies of formation rS. Why is this possible forentropy but not for internal energy, enthalpy, or Gibbsfree energy?
The synthesis of glucose directly from CO2 and H2O and the synthesis of proteins directly from amino acids are both non-spontaneous processes under standard conditions. Yet it is necessary for these to occur for life to exist. In light of the second law of thermodynamics, how can life exist?
The standard molar entropy of methanol vapor, CH3OH(g), is 239.8 J K1 mol-1. (a) Calculate the entropy change for the vaporization of 1 mol methanol (use data from Table 16.1 or Appendix J). (b) Calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of methanol, assuming that rS doesnt depend on temperature and taking the boiling point of methanol to be 64.6C.
Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can undergo the reaction CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g). We know from experience that this reaction is not spontaneous, yet S for the reaction is positive. How can the second law of thermodynamics explain that this reaction is not spontaneous?
Explain why the statement No process is 100 efficient is not the best statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
Liquid water at 25C is introduced into an evacuated, insulated vessel. Identify the signs of the following thermodynamic functions for the process that occurs: H, S, Twater, Ssurr,, Suniv.
What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)
Determine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for the reactions of liquid methanol, of CO(g), and ofethyne, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas to form gaseous carbondioxide and (if hydrogen is present) liquid water at298 K. Use your calculations to decide which of thesesubstances are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable: CH3OH(), CO(g), C2H9(g), CO2(g),H2O().

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