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- Consider the constant relative risk aversion utility of wealth function from Chapter 3 for an investor with gamma parameter equal to 0.25: U(W) = W^(0.25)/(0.25) = 4W^(0.25). Suppose this investor is faced with a 50-50 bet to receive nothing or to receive 1000 dollars. What's a fair price for this bet to the investor? I.e., what is the certainty equivalent wealth (CEW) associated with this bet, for this investorNatasha has utility function u(I) = (10*I)0.5, where I is her annual income (in thousands). (a) Is she a risk loving, risk averse or risk neutral individual? She is [risk loving, risk adverse, risk neutral] , as her utility function is [concave, convex, linear] (b) Suppose that she is currently earning an income of $40,000 (I = 40) and can earn that income next year with certainty. She is offered a chance to take a new job that offers a 0.6 probability of earning $44,000 and a 0.4 probability of earning $33,000. She should [take, not take] the new job because her expected utility of (approximately) [18.27,19.82,20,20.95,21.14] is [greater than, less than, equal to] her current utility of [18.27,19.85,20,20.95,21.14] .Suppose Investor A has a power utility function with γ = 1, whilst Investor B has a power utility function with γ = 0.5 (i) Which investor is more risk-averse(assuming that w > 0)? (ii) Suppose that Investor B has an initial wealth of 100 and is offered the opportunity to buy Investment X for 100, which offers an equal chance of a payout of 110 or 92. Will she choose to buy Investment X?
- Find the Pratt - Arrow risk - aversion function for a utility function U(W) = log(0.5-W + 500), where W is the amount of wealth in €. Suppose that an investor's wealth is subject to outcomes -800 €, 500 €, 500 € and 1, 000 € which affect the initial amount of 2,500 € with probabilities of their occurrence 40%, 15%, 15% and 30%, respectively. a) Using the Taylor approximation to certainty equivalent, calculate an approximate expected utility value. b) Calculate the certain equivalent of the investor's uncertain wealth. Interpret.Suppose that Mira has a utility function given by U=2I+10√I. She is considering two job opportunities. The first job pays a salary of $40,000 for sure. The second job pays a base salary of $20,000 but offers the possibility of a $40,000 bonus on top of your base salary. She believes that there is a probability of p=0.50 that she will earn the bonus. What is the expected salary of the second job? Which offer gives Mira a higher expected utility? Based on this information, is Mira risk adverse, risk neutral, or risk-loving?Angie owns an endive farm that will be worth $90,000 or $0 with equal probability. Her Bernouilli utility function is u(w) =√w, where w is her wealth level (sum of initial wealth and the worth of the endive farm). 1. Suppose her firm is the only asset she has, that is, she has no initial wealth. What is the lowest price P at which she will agree to sell her endive farm before she knows how much it will be worth? 2. Redo part (1) assuming that she has $160,000 in her bank safe. 3. Compare and discuss your results in parts (1) and (2). What relationship can you find between Angie’s initial wealth level (zero versus $160,000) and her risk aversion?
- Abigail is a consumer whose utility is a function of her total wealth W. u(W ) = log W. Suppose that Abigail begins with initial wealth of A = 100 but will suffer a serious illness with probability π = 0.15 which will require extensive treatment costing L = 80. To hedge against this risk, Abigail considers buying a health insurance policy. She may buy as much insurance I as she wishes at a cost of p per dollar of coverage, so her payoffs in each state are Healthy Ill Probability 0.85 0.15 No Insurance 100 20 Claim 0 I Premium −pI −pI a) Show that Abigail is risk averse. b) Suppose that the insurance premiums are actuarially fair so that p = 0. Find Abigail’s expected wealth E[W ] and expected utility E[u(W )] as functions of how much insurance she buys I. c) How much insurance should Abigail buy?Abigail is a consumer whose utility is a function of her total wealth W. u(W ) = log W. Suppose that Abigail begins with initial wealth of A = 100 but will suffer a serious illness with probability π = 0.15 which will require extensive treatment costing L = 80. To hedge against this risk, Abigail considers buying a health insurance policy. She may buy as much insurance I as she wishes at a cost of p per dollar of coverage, so her payoffs in each state are Healthy Ill Probability 0.85 0.15 No Insurance 100 20 Claim 0 I Premium −pI −pI a) Now suppose that the insurance company raises premiums to p = 0.2 so that they are no longer actuarially fair. Find Abigail’s expected wealth E[W ] and expected utility E[u(W )]. b) How much insurance should Abigail buy now?Stewart will have a total wealth of $12,000 this year, if he stays healthy. Suppose Stewart has a 50% chance of staying healthy and a 50% chance of getting sick. If Stewart gets sick, then he will have to pay $8,000 for medical bills, leaving him $4,000 of total wealth. Under these conditions, Stewarts expected wealth (a.k.a. expected value of wealth) is $8,000. Based on the graph shown below, what level of wealth with certainty (i.e., wealth that Stewart is certain to have) would make Stewart equally as happy as he is when facing the 50% chance of being sick?
- Suppose Alex’s utility function is u ($x) = √x. Assume her initial wealth is 0. Is it possible that Alex’s expected utility from the prospect equals $5, why? What is the possible range of Alex’s expected utility?An investor has a power utility function with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of 3. Compare the utility that the investor would receive from a certain income of £2 with that generated by a lottery having equally likely outcomes of £1 and £3. Calculate the certain level of income which, for an investor with preferences as above, would generate identical expected utility to the lottery described. How much of the original certain income of £2 the investor would be willing to pay to avoid the lottery? Detail the calculations and carefully explain your answer.Jamal has a utility function U = W1/2, where W is his wealth in millions of dollars and U is the utility he obtains from that wealth. In the final stage of a game show, the host offers Jamal a choice between (A) $4 million for sure, or (B) a gamble that pays $1 million with probability 0.6 and $9 million with probability 0.4. (1) Does A or B offer Jamal a higher expected utility? Explain your reasoning with calculations. (2) Should Jamal pick A or B? Why? I would like help with the unanswered last parts of the questions.