Consider work, heat, and internal energy.Explain the molecular basis for each.Which are state and which are path functions? Provide reasoning to support your claims.

Answered: Consider work, heat, and internal…

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter16: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 104CP: The standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(l) at 298 K is 285.8 kJ/mol. Calculate the change in...

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Consider work, heat, and internal energy.
1. Explain the molecular basis for each.
2. Which are state and which are path functions? Provide reasoning to support your claims.

Expert Solution

Step 1

The heat, work and internal energy of a molecule/particle/system are associated by the first law of thermodynamics. The following can be described as follows:

Heat: The difference in the temperature of the molecule and its surrounding leads to the occurrence of heat. It is measured in joules or calories.
Work: The force exerted through a distance by the molecule is called work. On a macroscopic level, the collision of the gas molecules over the boundaries of the system into which they are enclosed causes a change in pressure and volume of the system. The difference of pressure and volume between the system and the surrounding is called as work.
Internal energy: The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the molecule present in a system is referred to as internal energy. The internal potential energy is dependent upon the intermolecular forces operating between the molecules and the internal kinetic energy is dependent upon the temperature.

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