Decide whether each of the following statements is true about pyruvate decarboxylase. It tremendously increases the stability of pyruvate, so that pyruvate has a lifetime as much as a 1 million Otrue times longer. Ofalse It's an enzyme, and pyruvate is its coenzyme. It's a protein. It reacts with pyruvate in a 1:1 ratio, meaning 1 mole of pyruvate decarboxylase is consumed for every mole of pyruvate produced. Otrue Ofalse Otrue Ofalse Otrue Ofalse
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- Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil glycolysis, if the steady-state concentration of gJucose-6-P were 8.3 mM instead of 0.083 mM?The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.
- The Reactions and Meehanisms of the Leloir Pathway Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism, tor one of these reactions.Comparing Glycolysis Entry Points for Sucrose Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose + Pi fructose + glucose-1-phosphate Invertase: Sucrose + H20 fructose + glucose Would either of these reactions offer Jin advantage over the other In the preparation of hexoses fur entry into glycolysis?Radiotracer Labeling of Pyruvate from Glucose Determine the anticipated location in pyruvate of labeled carbons If glucose molecules labeled (in separate experiments.) with 14C at each position of (.tie carbon skeleton proceed through the glycolytic pathway.
- Predict the function of each of the following enzyme: 1. Pyruvate carboxylaseUnder aerobic conditions when glucose is limiting, with high ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, as carbon-2 radiolabeled pyruvate is utilized for its carbon skeleton, which molecules would you expect to see significant radiolabeling in the liver? Select all that apply. **Please note some molecules contain more details, including not only molecule name, but location of the label. Pick the options that are accurate for the above situation. Glucose C-2 only Label is halved over many TCA cycles Oxaloacetate Glucose C-1 and C-6 Glucose C-2 and C-5 CO2 from TCA cycle shows some radiolabel Lactate C-2 for export Malate Pyruvate C-1Starting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is activation of pyruvate. Show the reaction for activation of pyruvate. Name the enzyme and coenzyme for this reaction. Why is the activation step necessary? What is the next step after the activation step?
- Calculate the amount of ATP molecules generated from the complete metabolism of 1 molecule of maltose, assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttleWhich of the following is true about comparing the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Group of answer choices They catalyze reactions that produce the exact same set of products They are both dehydrogenase complexes, but have very different structures They both catalyze reactions that oxidize NADH to NAD+ They both use the same E3 enzyme component Which of the following best describes stage 2 of the citric acid cycle? Group of answer choices ATP production by the electron transport chain production of acetyl CoA regeneration of oxaloacetate release of 2 carbons as carbon dioxideWhich of the following are true about the glyoxylate cycle? (select all that apply) Group of answer choices It cannot proceed if the citrate synthase enzyme has been inhibited It is highly active in human cancer cells It can only proceed if there are high rates of flux through glycolysis It involves 2 oxidative decarboxylations It can be used to produce 1 oxaloacetate from consumption of 2 acetyl CoA Which of the following correctly describes the regulation and activity of HIF-1? Group of answer choices VHL is required for preventing degradation of HIF-1alpha and promoting translocation to the nucleus In normoxia, HIF-1alpha is ubquitinated and degraded in the proteasome Hypoxic conditions result in increase hydroxylation of prolines in HIF-1alpha The primary function of HIF-1 is to phosphorylate and activate glycolytic enzymes