Define the following terms: a. FMN b. FAD c. NAD+ d. ETC e. salt bridge

Q: Define the following terms: a. electron transport chain b. oxidation-reduction reactions c.…

A: Explanation for electron transport chain, oxidation-reduction reactions, conjugate redox pair,…

Q: Do substance's effect impedes the binding of NAD+ to electrons

A: The electron transport chain is a protein cluster that transports electrons across a membrane within…

Q: A reduced compound isa. NAD+ b. FAD c. NADH   d. ADP

A: A cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. Each…

Q: Define substrate-level phosphorylation and give an example from the reactions discussed in this…

A: The process in which a phosphate group is added to a organic compound is called phosphorylation.

Q: (a) Explain why obligate anaerobes contain some citric acid cycle enzymes. (b) Why don’t these…

A: Obligate anaerobes are those organisms that do not utilize oxygen. Oxygen is poison to them. They…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a catalytic strategy used by trypsin? a. Acid-base catalysis b.…

A: Enzymes require an ideal pH range and temperature to operate properly. The tertiary structure of the…

Q: In brief what is the general function of NAD+/NADH?

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway. As the name represents glycolysis that means the breakdown of…

Q: a. been reduced as a results of a redox reaction involving the loss of an organic phosphate. b. a…

A: In phosphorylation, addition of a phosphate group occurs to an existing molecule in order to prepare…

Q: How can we tell which enzymes use FAD and which use NAD+ as the oxidizing coenzyme?

A: Nucleotides are the important constituents of many biomolecules in the study of biochemistry. NAD is…

Q: Where does NADH originate, and what is its fate in an aerobe?

A: The full form of NADH is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It takes part in various redox reactions…

Q: What is H in Nadph?

A: NADPH is present in numerous non-photosynthetic organisms and animals. The process that signifies…

Q: what is NAD2?

A: The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from donor of…

Q: The structure of NAD+ DOES NOT include

A: NAD+ is an essential coenzyme that is found in almost every cell of our body. It is involved in…

Q: Riboflavin gives rise to cofactors: Select one: O a. All of them O b. FAD; FADH2 O c. NAD+; NADH d.…

A: Introduction: Riboflavin is likewise known as Vitamin B2. It is an important food supplement.…

Q: The ionization of a sodium atom to produceNa+ is an example ofa. oxidation.b. reduction.c.…

A: Atoms are made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrons are present on distinct shells…

Q: What is NADH

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: Define the following terms: a. Fe–S clusters b. electron transport c. CoQ d. ubisemiquinone e. UQH2

A: The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors…

Q: Explain what changes occur in the bioreactor in the phases marked 1, 2, and 3 in the following…

A: Microbes grown in a closed or batch culture in which  certain conditions are that no nutrients are…

Q: describes the process in the equation ATP+ H2O—->AMP+PP?

A: Introduction Adenosine Triphosphate is an energy-providing molecule used in driving almost all kinds…

Q: ndicate whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction. a. FADH2h FAD b.…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: Define the following terms: a. turnover b. cyt P450 c. detoxication d. detoxification e. epoxide

A: Enzyme is a biological molecule that catalyzes a biochemical reaction and increases the rate of…

Q: Which of the following is a reduced molecule? a. FAD b. FADH2 c. NAD+ d. NADP+

A: b. FADH2 is a reduced molecule as it is formed when FAD (oxidized form) accepts 2e- and 2H+.

Q: Describe several possible solutions to the problem ofincreased atmospheric CO2.

A: According to the research studies, the carbon dioxide level has increased from about 270ppm before…

Q: What type of reaction is: NADH --> NAD+ + H+ + 2 e-

A: NADH :- It is formed during the glycolysis & further reactions of cellular respiration.  It is…

Q: a)      Metabolism b)      Catabolism c)       Anabolism

A: A body's anabolism means it builds molecules required by the body. Energy is required for anabolism…

Q: Define the following terms: a. oxidoreductase b. lyase c. ligase d. transferase e. isomerase

A: Enzymes are proteins that convert the substrate to the product. It accelerates the biological…

Q: Write one controlling rate limiting enzyme from any pathway or cycle and clarify the following: a-…

A: An enzyme is a cellular catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions. Proteins that bind to…

Q: Explain why the P/O ratio for a given substrate is not necessarily an integer.

A: The phosphate/oxygen ratio, or P/O ratio, correlates to the quantity of ATP created by the motion of…

Q: Which process requires the coenzyme NADH?

A: Enzymes Coined by Kuhne in 1878.  Popularly known as biological catalysts.  Metabolic and cellular…

Q: Choose one antioxidant mineral and describe its mechanism of action.

A: Antioxidants are found in some foods and can prevent some of the damage caused by free radicals by…

Q: What do the following abbreviations stand for?(a) FAD(b) CoQ(c) NADH/H+(d) Cytochrome c

A: Aerobic cellular respiration  includes: glycolysis, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.…

Q: what is NAD3?

A: NAD+ is the nicotine amide dinucleotide that is produced from ATP and vitamin B3. NAD is an…

Q: List three differences in structure or function between NADH and NADPH.

A: Coenzymes are the organic non-protein part that binds to the enzyme and catalyzes the biochemical…

Q: What is the definition of NADH

A: The energy required for cellular functions is produced by a process called cellular respiration. The…

Q: Define the following terms: a. coenzyme A b. TPP c. lipoic acid d. PDHC e. PDK1

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we have been instructed to answer the first…

Q: How would a competitive inhibitor change the Km and the Vmax for an enzyme? Explain why a…

A: A competitive inhibitor is interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance…

Q: What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: what is NAD4?

A: The final stage of cellular respiration is electron transport chain which includes a series of…

Q: What is found in NADH?

A: The cells are the basic building blocks of the living system. It consists of many internal…

Q: What is the effect of each of the following inhibitors on electron transport and ATP formation by…

A: The electron transport chain is series of protein complexes that transfers electrons from electron…

Q: Which of the following statements are true? For each, explain why or why not. (a) All coenzymes are…

A: Coenzymes are organic compounds that bind to an enzyme to catalyze a reaction. They can be reused…

Q: C6H1206 + 6 Oz 6 CO2 + 6 H20 ~29 ADP + ~29 P *29 ATP + ~29 H20

A: The process in which the breakdown of cell molecules occurs so that energy can produce is called…

Q: what is NAD6?

A: Mitochondrial proteins are type of proteins that are present in the cells of the mitochondria. They…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.