Deoxyadenylate residues in DNA undergo deamination fairly readily, as do deoxycytidylate residues. (a) What is the product of DAMP deamination? (b) The deamination product is known to base-pair with A, C, or T. What would be the genetic consequences if this deaminated site in DNA were not repaired and if it paired with C on the next round of replication?

Deoxyadenylate residues in DNA undergo deamination fairly readily, as do deoxycytidylate residues. (a) What is the product of DAMP deamination? (b) The deamination product is known to base-pair with A, C, or T. What would be the genetic consequences if this deaminated site in DNA were not repaired and if it paired with C on the next round of replication?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the...

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Deoxyadenylate residues in DNA undergo deamination fairly readily, as do deoxycytidylate residues. (a) What is the product of dAMP deamination? (b) The deamination product is known to base-pair with A, C, or T. What would be the genetic consequences if this deaminated site in DNA were not repaired and if it paired with C on the next round of replication?
In a DNA double helix, why doesn't an A or T form two hydrogen bonds (out of the three possible ) with G or C? Explain how DNA replication is bidirectional and discontinuous in nature?
On paper, replicate the following segment of DNA: 5’ A T C G G C T A C G T T C A C 3’ 3’ T A G C C G A T G C A A G T G 5’a. Show the direction of replication of the new strands and explainwhat causes lagging and leading strands to show different patternsof replication.b. Explain how this is semiconservative replication. Are the newstrands identical to the original segment of DNA?
If DNA polymerase requires a perfectly pairedprimer in order to add the next nucleotide, how is it thatany mismatched nucleotides “escape” this requirementand become substrates for mismatch repair enzymes?
What part(s) of a nucleotide (namely, phosphate, sugar, and/or base) is/are found in the major and minor grooves of double-stranded DNA, and what part(s) is/are found in the DNA backbone? If a DNA-binding protein does not recognize a specific nucleotide sequence, do you expect that it binds tothe major groove, the minor groove, or the DNA backbone? Explain.
In the Meselson–Stahl experiment thatestablished the semiconservative nature of DNA replication,the extraction method produced short fragments of DNA. Whatsort of results might have been obtained with longer piecesof DNA?
A solution containing single stranded DNA with the sequence 5’ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTNNNNN’3 undergoes DNA replication in vitro in the presence of all four nucleotides plus an amount of dideoxyadenosine triphosphate sufficient to compete for incorporation with deoxyadenosine triphosphate. How many and what DNA fragments are expected?
How is the DNA unwound at the replication fork? What effect does this have on the DNA upstream of the fork, and how does the cell deal with this effect? b. Sliding clamps are topologically-closed rings that can encircle the DNA double helix. How, then, are they able to get on and off the DNA? What purpose is served by this striking topology?
Why do higher salt concentrations stabilize the DNA double helix? Or What aspect of the structure of double-stranded DNA destabilizes the helix in the absence of salt?
On further analysis of the DNA described in conceptual questionC21, you discover that the triplex DNA in this alien organism iscomposed of a double helix with a third strand wound within themajor groove (just like the DNA in Figure shown). How would youpropose that this DNA is able to replicate itself? In your answer,be specific about the base-pairing rules within the double helixand which part of the triplex DNA would be replicated first.
In the following sequence, a cytosine was deaminated and is now a uracil (underlined). 5’-GGTAUTAAGC-3’ a. Which repair pathway(s) could restore this uracil to cytosine? b. If the uracil is not removed before a DNA replication fork passes through, what will be the sequences of the two resulting double helices? Provide the sequences of both strands of both helices. Label the old and new strands and underline the mutation(s). c. Could the mismatch repair pathway fix the mutations you’ve indicated in part b? d. If the cell undergoes mitosis, and the replicated DNAs are distributed into the two daughter cells. Will 0, 1, or 2 daughter cells have a mutation in this sequence?
Assume that the sequence of bases shown below is presenton onenucleotide chain of a DNA duplex and that the chain has openedup at a replication fork. Synthesis of an RNA primer occurs on thistemplate starting at the base that is underlined.(a) If the RNA primer consists of eight nucleotides, what is itsbase sequence?(b) In the intact RNA primer, which nucleotide has a free 3'-OHterminus?3'.......GGCTACCTGGATTCA....5'