Q: Name and describe the two components of the plantimmune system
A: Plants do not have moving immune cells or an adaptive immune system. Plant depends on innate…
Q: illustrates the screen for modifiers of the sensitized sev mutant phenotype?
A: INTRODUCTION: A modifier screen is a type of screen in which pre-existing phenotypes of an organism…
Q: Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition. Surrogate light chain…
A: The immune system of the body is the vital system that provides protection to the body against…
Q: Draw and illustrate how latex agglutination works to bind to ASO and form agglutinates
A: Agglutination Test -- Tests are regarded as screening tests .There are many tests based on the…
Q: Define antigenic shift, antigenic drift, and original antigenic sin.
A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.…
Q: Explain how Somatic recombination contributes to antibody diversity.
A: Somatic cell recombination is important in alteration on a large scale within the DNA of the somatic…
Q: Describe the major chromosomal translocation that results in deregulated oncogenic signaling and…
A: Translocation is a process in which a part of the chromosomes is separated and joints with the other…
Q: What is intragenic suppression.?
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic…
Q: draw and illustrate how latex agglutination works to bind C-reactive proteins to cause agglutination
A: CRP-Latex Test is a speedy slide agglutination technique primarily based totally on a change of the…
Q: How is COVID19 described by scientists and why is the effectiveness of herd immunity so hotly…
A: Diseases caused by infectious agents are called infectious diseases. The agents can be bacteria,…
Q: Explain in detail differences between complement protein and complement regulatory protein?
A: The immune system is involved in protecting the body from pathogens such as viruses and bacteria,…
Q: Explain the role of isotype exclusion in pro-B cells.
A: Introduction:- In a given lymphocyte, either κ or λ light (L) chain, but not both, can combine with…
Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.
A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…
Q: 1) Which other complement complex has hon a) MBL complexed with MASP1/2 (c) C5a6789 b) Pentameric…
A: Complement system is designed of a huge number of plasma proteins that react with one another. This…
Q: Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to MHC genes.
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…
Q: explain the use of F′ episomes for complementationstudies
A: F' episome is the plasmid that has the ability to exist independently or to become integrated into…
Q: What is the complement strand to this à 3’-AATGCTCGATTCGGCTA – 5’?
A: The genetic code is a set of rules that govern how information encoded in genetic material, such as…
Q: Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3 regions of theheavy-chain and light-chain variable…
A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…
Q: Define the Immunotherapy with genetically engineered TCells ?
A: The treatment of diseases by activation or suppression of the immune system is immunotherapy or…
Q: Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.
A: Any foreign material that enters the body and causes harm is referred to as an antigen. The protein…
Q: What is involved in the four categories of B-cell and T-cell-mediatedimmunopathologies outlined by…
A: Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated and inappropriate immune responses against antigens or…
Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.
A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…
Q: Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to recognize infectedhost cells.
A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…
Q: Name and in brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated ?
A: Introduction Antibodies can be induced by virtually all microorganisms. Antibodies must be diverse…
Q: Explain how Hypermutation contributes to antibody diversity.
A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…
Q: Explain the limitations of screens for mutants withmorphological phenotypes, and discuss how…
A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for a functioning molecule. There is…
Q: Explain how site-specific recombination of the κ light-chain gene increases antibody diversity.
A: The immune system of the body is responsible for protecting an individual against the attack of…
Q: each complementation group in the blanks provided below. (Some of the blanks may remain empty.) Cd e…
A: Complementation test is a test in genetics. It is also known as cis trans test. It is used to find…
Q: Draw diagrams that explain five possible mechanisms for thedevelopment of autoimmunity.
A: Autoimmunity is the phenomenon in which antibodies or T cells react with auto-antigens. Autoimmunity…
Q: discuss the isolation of nif genes by complementation.
A: Genes associated with nitrogen fixing can be referred to as nif genes. They're present in bacteria…
Q: Explain why IgG subclasses is most efficient at activating complement?
A: Ans: IgG is one of the class of antibody important in eliciting the immune response.
Q: Differentiate protein complementation from supplementation? Give a concrete example in each…
A: Proteins play an important role in healthy and balanced diet. If a person does not consume enough…
Q: can you please explain the last part of step 2 further? Specifically this "The complementation…
A: Mutations are heritable changes in the genes of an organism. Mutations in genes cause the production…
Q: Describe the recombination events that produce a matureheavy-chain gene and other somatic events…
A: One gene encodes one protein, this mechanism occurs in most of the proteins. However, in…
Q: What is the Relationship between epistasis and complementation?
A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in a genome that codes for a specific functioning molecule.
Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…
A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…
Q: Which of the following processes add diversity to antibody molecules AFTER encounte with antigen?…
A: Introduction Antibody diversity is a process by which antibodies are made diverse by switching to…
Q: Hyper-IgE syndrome, also known as Job’s syndrome, is an immunodeficiency disease resulting from the…
A: Job's Syndrome
Q: Describe the significance and need for receptor editing as a part of elimination of self-reactive B…
A: Autoimmune resistance prevents cells from causing potentially damaging reactions to host tissues.…
Q: In what ways can cancer be both a cause and a symptom ofimmunodeficiency?
A: Cancer is the condition of unchecked growth of cells, which are damaged and dysfunctional, and cause…
Q: Identify some PAMPs that are recognized by PRRs.Which cells express PRRs? How do PRRs associate…
A: PAMPs is the short form for pathogen-associated molecular patterns. PRRs is the short-form for…
Q: What is the reason behind antibody diversity?
A: When our bodies are exposed to pathogens like bacteria and viruses, they produce a wide range of…
Q: Describe the mechanism of V(D)J recombination. At which level in the B-cell development does V(D)J…
A: Each of the two polypeptide chains in immunoglobulins and T cell receptors contributes to the…
Q: Describe the development of antibodies to a specificantigen.
A: Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which are…
Q: Briefly explain the characteristics of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) Classes.
A: Immunoglobulin are proteins in nature. These are present on the surface of B cells and are secreted…
Q: Describe the differences between genetic complementation and recombination as they relate to the…
A: Genetic complementation is the production of wild type phenotype by the crossing or mating of…
Q: Describe 1 aspect that lead to antibody diversity
A: Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes. When an antigen binds…
Q: What diversity-generating mechanisms function toproduce the nearly unlimited variety of…
A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…
Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.
A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…
Describe examples that explain the molecular mechanisms
of epistasis, complementation, gene modifier effects, and
gene redundancy.
Gene interaction is a condition in which one or more genes affect the phenotype of an organism. It explains the way in which the allelic variants of different genes affect a single trait.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Explain the role of isotype exclusion in pro-B cells.draw and illustrate how latex agglutination works to bind C-reactive proteins to cause agglutinationWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function toproduce the nearly unlimited variety of antigen-specificTCRs? What structural and functional features arecommon to proteins classified within the Ig genesuperfamily?