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- . Some dissenting scientists at Environment Canada disagree with the estimate of $1.50 for theenvironmental externality. They believe that the incidence of the externality is not constant acrossdifferent levels of production; instead the size of the externality is proportional to the level of output.That is, the larger is the output, the larger is the externality. Their research suggests that the truesocial cost of cereal production diverges from private costs at every level of production by an amountequal to ten percent of production (note: ten percent, not ten percentage points).The government would like to know the economic effects of implementing a tax to internalise theexternality in this case. Draw the diagram for this market and policy. Solve for all relevant Ps and Qs.Calculate producer surplusSuppose residents of Toadhop live on the Quabache River, a river prone to flooding. Suppose there are 1,000 (type A) people who value flood control more than the 1,000 (type B) people. TypeADemandQD =100−P TypeBDemandQD =50−P where Q measures the quality of flood control. Refer to Scenario 2. If the price of a unit of flood control is $100,000 and the citizens of Toadhop did not work together, the amount of flood control purchased would be (a) 0. (b) 10. (c) 25. (d) 70. Refer to Scenario 2. If the price of a unit of flood control is $100,000 and the citizens of Toadhop gather for a townhall meeting to find the socially optimal level of flood control, and they are successful, how much will each type B individual contribute per unit of flood control? (a) $25 (b) $50 (c) $75 (d) $100 Refer to Scenario 2. If the price of a unit of flood control is $100,000 and the citizens of Toadhop gather for a townhall meeting to find the socially optimal level of flood control, and they are…Question 4:Q4 a) Why do externalities lead to inefficient outcomes? Explain why allocating propertyrights might help solve this problem. Q4 b) In what real-world circumstances might this approach be easier to implement andwhy?
- Command-and-control regulation may be better thana corrective tax ifa. a corrective tax would have differential effects ondifferent industries.b. some polluters can reduce emissions morecheaply than others.c. the negative externality is so large that theoptimal quantity is zero.d. knowledge about the cost of pollution abatementis dispersed and hard to obtain.A company near a large city is required to keep its smokestack pollution to new lower levels, costing the company $2 million in additional equipment (which will last at least 10 years) and $100,000 a year in additional labor. Lowering the air pollutants in the region is expected to save $4 million in medical expenses in the affected region over the next 10 years. What level of pollution reduction gives the smallest benefit for money spent? Select one: a. From 1-20% of pollution reduction b. From a 20-40% pollution reduction c. From a 80-100% pollution reduction d. From a 60-80% pollution reductiondont use chatgpt answer urgent In a situation where an externality occurs, the "third party" refers to those who a) buy the product from others. b) produce the product for others. c) trade the product with others outside the nation or community. d) are not directly involved in the transaction or activity.
- Both public good;; and common resources involve b. How can the government solve the problemexternalities. caused by people like Fredo?a. Arc t~ extemalities associated with public goodsgenerally positive or negative? Usc examples in your answer. Is the froe. market quantity of public goods generally greater or Less than the efficientquantity?b. Are the externalities a.;;sociated with commonresources generall)' positive or negative? Uscexamples in your answer. Is the free·market usc ofcommon resources generally g:reatc.r or less thanthe efficient use?Choose correct option. Q)The adoption of Qwerty keyboard over Dvorak is a result of , a) History b) Co. Plementarity c) Negative externalities d) History and Complementarities.Computer models of global climate changecaused by increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere predictnot only higher overall temperatures, but also more intense andfrequent heat waves. During the devastating European heatwave in the summer of 2003, between 35,000 and 52,000“excess deaths” occurred. Before taking specific actions toreduce carbon dioxide emissions, economists and politicians tryto estimate the costs. Should excess deaths be included as acost of inaction? If so, what value should we place on a life?
- The market inverse supply curve for amoxicillin, an antibiotic with lots of generics, isrepresented by the equation P = 3 + 0.0006QS. The market demand curve is represented byQD = 187,500 − 625P.It is well known that antibiotic use generates negative externalities. How might thegovernment restrict the use of antibiotics? Show this on a demand-supply graph. Thendiscuss a potential unintended consequence of the government’s intervention.From economic perspective, when is government intervention in the market justified?a) when there is an externality or there is an absence of clearly defined property rights (e.g. an absence of rules governing fishing on the high seas)b) when companies pursue profit maximization as their solve objective c) when consumers pursue only their own interests in reaching purchase decisionsd) all the abovee) none of the aboveWhy is the presentaion of corparate results increasingly accompanied by the presentation of a socially responsible bussines report. Provide 3 reasons