Describe the difference between electrical and chemical synapses. How are neurotransmitters packaged? Address small amino acid neurotransmitters and compare them to large peptide neurotransmitters. Describe the role of voltage gated calcium channels and SNARE proteins.

Describe the difference between electrical and chemical synapses. How are neurotransmitters packaged? Address small amino acid neurotransmitters and compare them to large peptide neurotransmitters. Describe the role of voltage gated calcium channels and SNARE proteins.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct...

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1. Describe the difference between electrical and chemical synapses.
2. How are neurotransmitters packaged? Address small amino acid neurotransmitters and compare
them to large peptide neurotransmitters.
3. Describe the role of voltage gated calcium channels and SNARE proteins.

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Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
An action potential begins when ___ . a. a neuron reaches threshold potential b. voltage-gated potassium gates open c. voltage-gated .sodium gates dose d. sodium-potassium pumps stop operating
In the propagation of a nerve impulse: a. the refractory period begins as the K+ channel opens, allowing K+ ions to flow outward along their concentrationgradient. b. Na+ ions flow out of the axon with their concentration gradient. c. positive charges lower the membrane potential to its lowestaction potential. d. gated K+ channels open at the same time as the activationgate of Na+ channels closes. e. the depolarizing stimulus lowers the membrane potential toopen the Na+ gates.
Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest? a thin, unmyelinated axon a thin, myelinated axon a thick, unmyelinated axon a thick, myelinated axon
Which of the following statements best describes saltatory conduction? a. It inhibits direct neurotransmitter release. b. It transmits the action potential at the nodes of Ranvier andthus speeds up impulses on myelinated axons. c. It increases neurotransmitter release at the presynapticmembrane. d. It decreases neurotransmitter uptake at chemically gatedpostsynaptic channels. e. It removes neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.
1: Describe the changes in the neuron membrane that occur throughout the course of an action potential. 2: Mention: Resting state, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. 3: mention how the action potential is related to neuron communication.
Explain the propagation of an action potential. 1. Start with a stimulus 2. Follow through two points along the axon and include voltage-gated channels involved and their behavior. 3. Passive versus active flow as well as saltatory conduction
Describe the changes in the neuron membrane that occur throughout the course of an action potential. 2: Mention: Resting-state, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. 3: mention how the action potential is related to neuron communication. (300 words)
Explain the following mechanisms: 1. list three ways in which action potential can be initiated in neurons. 2.list the major classes of neurotransmitters and give examples of each . 3. list the functions of the hypothalamus and discuss how they relate to homeostatic control.
1. If you block calcium channels on an axon, which will not occur? A) exocytosis of neurotransmitter B) repolarization phase of the action potential C) depolarization phase of the action potential D) hyperpolarization phase of the action potential E) graded potential