Digestion Glycolysis Formation of Acetyl CoA Krebs Cycle ETC Reactions Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis 1. catalyzed initially by glycogen phosphorylase 2. breaking of glycosidic linkages of glycogen 3. requires pumping of hydrogen ions 4. lactic acid is converted to glucose
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choose the
choices:
Digestion
Glycolysis
Formation of Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cycle
ETC Reactions
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
1. catalyzed initially by glycogen phosphorylase
2. breaking of glycosidic linkages of glycogen
3. requires pumping of hydrogen ions
4. lactic acid is converted to glucose
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway in the given conditions a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesisIf all of the pentose phosphate pathway is functioning (both oxidative and non-oxidative portions), 6 glucose 6-phosphates are used, how many glucose 6-phosphates can be regenerated for use in the liver?
- B. What stage does the reaction occur? CHOICES: (Stage 1: Digestionand Hydrolysis) , ( Stage 2: Degradationand Oxidation) , (Stage 3: Energy Generation) Conversion of amino acid to keto acid Aspartate to fumarate Valine to succinyl CoA Activity on peptide bond cleavage Protein to large polypeptides Activation of zymogens Pyruvate to oxaloacetate Interchange of amino group Participation of coenzyme linked to Vit. B6 Production of glutamatechoose the metabolic pathway being described in the statement choices: Digestion Glycolysis Formation of Acetyl CoA Krebs Cycle ETC Reactions Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis conversion of glyceradehyde-3-PO4 to glucose2. liberates more ATP from reduced coenzymes 3. occurs when the body runs out of carbohydrates 4. pyruvic acid is decarboxylated and oxidized 5. generates two molecules of pyruvate for every glucose catabolized 6. second release of CO2 in cellular respiration 7. catabolism of dietary carbohydrates 8. response to a drop in blood glucose9. catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase 10. actic acid is converted to glucoseExplain the effects of each of the following on gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in a liver cell. Mark whether the rate of each will increase (+), decrease (-), or remain the same (0).
- Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by which of the following mechanisms?A) Decreasing formation of ketone bodies in skeletal muscleB) Decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissueC) Increasing hepatic activity of carnitine acyltransferaseD) Increasing hepatic levels of acetyl CoAE) Increasing hepatic oxidation of ketone bodiesDefine the following terms:a. b-oxidationb. carnitinec. ketogenesisd. ketone bodiese. ketosisIf the brain needs glucose, then gluconeogenesis stops after reaction (9, 8, 10, 2) because (phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose, glucose-6-phosphaet, fructose-6-phosphate) can be exported from the hepatocyte using a transporter.
- Indicate the following where the tissue(s) for the metabolic pathway takes place: Glycogenesis Lipogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis GluconeogenesisDifferentiate glycogenolysis and glycogenesis Compare and contrast embden mayerhof pathway and hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. Explain the importance of insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine in carbohydrate metabolismName three enzymes and/or genes that you will evaluate in order to verify increased de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue in response to CHO overfeeding and explain why pentose phosphate pathway may be important for this process.