Discuss the sources and regulation of water and solute gain and loss.

Q: Compare the locations of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

A: Intracellular Fluid (ICF)  : It is form inside the cell membrane. Comprises cytosol.  concentration…

Q: Extracellular fluids have relatively

A: The body fluid that is present outside the cell called extracellular fluid (ECF).

Q: distinguish between hypo-osmotic overhydration and hyper-osmotic dehydration.

A: It happens when there exists an problem in homeostasis mechanism. Homeostasis basically functions…

Q: Define diffusion, filtration and reabsorption and the effects on fluid movement.

A: Fluid movement happens via various process such as diffusion, Filteration, reabsorption, absorbtion,…

Q: Describe the movement of water between the compartments after taking a drink of water.

A: The blood is made up of 55%  of blood plasma and 45% of blood cells, where 90% of blood plasma is…

Q: describe how the three major chemical buffer systems of the body resist pH changes

A: The three major buffer system in the human body are the bicarbonate, phosphate and protein buffer…

Q: List the routes by which electrolytes enter and leave the body.

A: The fluids inside the body are distributed in such a way that they are not uniformly distributed as…

Q: Explain how an acid-base buffer system functions.

A: The potential of hydrogen (pH) is used as an indicator of the acidity level in the human body. The…

Q: Explain how the body detects changes in the osmolality of plasma and describe the regulatory…

A: Hypothalamus is the part of the brain which is located below the thalamus and above the pituitary…

Q: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

A: Water potential is a measure of the potential energy in water as well as the difference between the…

Q: Compare and contrast the relative concentrations of major electrolytes in intracellular and…

A: Electrolytes are the substances that dissociate in solution and are able to conduct the electrical…

Q: List the principal intracellular and extracellular buffers.

A: pH(potential of hydrogen/power of hydrogen) is used to measure acidity/basicity of solution by…

Q: Define electrolyte balance.

A: Answer- Humans require different type of elements in trace amounts on a daily basis these elements…

Q: Describe the following fluid compartments in the body Intracellular (ICF) Extracellular (ECF)…

A: The fluids in our body are separated by physical barriers which form compartments and on the basis…

Q: Compare the osmotic concentration among most fluidcompartments

A: Osmotic concentration : It is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles…

Q: What is the effect of adding water to the body?

A: Water is an essential part of human diet. Water makes up to near about 70 % of human body.

Q: What is the relationship between body sodium and extracellularfluid volume?

A: The excretory framework is a detached natural framework that eliminates overabundance, pointless…

Q: Define intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of our body. It carries out many functions in…

Q: Movement of water is controlled by which factor?

A: Movement of water occurs through the xylem cells of plants to reach all parts of plant body . As…

Q: discuss spheres of hydration

A: Introduction: The homogenous mixture of two or more substances is called a solution. It has two…

Q: Describe in detail the role of kidneys in acid-base regulation.

A: The kidneys balance the amount of acid bases in body by the process of reabsorption.

Q: explain briefly protein buffer in the body.

A: Acid-Base Balance: Proper physiological functioning of the body depends on a tight balance between…

Q: describe the mechanisms responsible for the medullary osmotic gradient

A: The osmotic gradient in medullary region of kidney is produced by the countercurrent multiplier…

Q: Briefly outline how the body resists pH change during exercise. Include in your outline both the…

A: pH stands for the potential of hydrogen. It can be determined by the concentration of H+ ions…

Q: The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in: a. intracellular fluid b. extracellular fluid c.…

A: Explanation about sodium ion

Q: Explain how water intake is regulated.

A: Osmoregulation is the active control of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, as…

Q: Graph the pH scale. Label the pH values that represent normal arterial and intracellular pH.

A: pH stands for the potential of hydrogen. It can be determined by the concentration of H+ ions…

Q: Define obligatory water loss?

A: The human body comprises of 60% of water. Every organ in the body contains a minimum of 60% of…

Q: State the percentage of body fluid, and explain the significance of an individual’s percentage…

A: The liquids present in the human body, which are categorized as intracellular and extracellular body…

Q: Drinking a litre of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to :  INCREASE OR DECREASE?

A: Drinking a liter of water would dilute the plasma.

Q: Define Conductometric?

A: In the living body, there are abundant elements and molecules of different nature. Some are…

Q: Describe the effect of hypernatremia onextracellular fluid volume and on intracellularfluid volume.

A: Hypernatremia: In the condition of hypernatremia, the concentration of sodium in the blood .…

Q: The process of managing internal water/solute balance is known as:

A: The right concentration of solutes and the proper amount of water must be preserved by organisms…

Q: What is the water distribution in the body? Explain the importance of water/hydration.

A: Hydration Water molecules are combined with the substance by a chemical process is called hydration.…

Q: Describe the location and components of intracellular and extracellular fluid.

A: The total body fluid consists of specific fuild compartments. these are largely separate from…

Q: Describe the distribution of sodium and water between intracellular and exracellular fluid

A: The body fluid can be classified as either extracellular or intracellular fluids. Extracellular…

Q: Discuss the Contribution of Different Ion Permeabilities?

A: Introduction  Our body contains different types of ions such as Sodium, Potassium, Calcium,…

Q: Differentiate between passive and active water absorption.

A: Step 1 Water absorption is of two types, passive and active. In both types, water moves from soil to…

Q: water movement in and out cells is due mainly to fluctuation of the na+ and k+ ion concentrations

A: The water moves in and out of the cell, to maintain the osmotic pressure via osmoregulation. The…

Q: What types of diseases can cause pathologic water loss or gain? Can you determine which way water…

A: Water is very essential for our body to function example : The body uses the water to maintain the…

Q: Name the chief intracellular electrolytes and the chief extracellular electrolytes.

A:

Q: Describe metabolic role of sodium and chloride.

A: Sodium and chloride are mineral nutrients of which serve as major electrolytes of the body.…

Q: list the routes by which water enters and leaves the body. how are these kept in balance?

A: Water is a chemical substance which is colorless, tasteless and odorless. It is quite important for…

Q: Explain how a high concentration of sodium ions in theinterstitial fluid affects intracellular fluid…

A: Introduction of Electrolytes: These are the minerals. These are mainly present in the blood And also…

Q: Explain the composition of low osmolar infusions

A: Low osmolar infusions are rehydration salts that are used to prevent dehydration among different age…

Q: What would remain if you let 70 percent of water inside your body evaporate?

A: Water is formed by the bond that occurs between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to make a polar…

Nutrition and Digestion

The process of consuming nutrients to utilize them for various biological purposes is known as nutrition. The substances absorbed from food are known as nutrients. They serve different important functions in the body, such as repairing wounds and damages, generating energy for metabolism, and regulating biochemical reactions.