Discuss the two-phase commit protocol and its role in ensuring distributed database consistency.

What is two-phase commit (2PC) protocol, and how does it help in ensuring transaction atomicity in a distributed database?

Describe the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) in detail. How does it ensure distributed database consistency?

Discuss the concept of distributed database replication strategies, including synchronous and asynchronous replication. When is each strategy most appropriate?

Describe different approaches to data replication in distributed databases, such as primary-backup, multi-master, and eventual consistency. What are their trade-offs?

Replication or data fragmentation, which is preferable in a distributed database system? If we combine fragmentation with replication, what do you think? Is it possible to tell whether a file is fragmented in a vertical or horizontal direction? You need to back up your assertion with an example.