e the result
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- If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the fetch cycle is 40% of the processor cycle time, what memory access speed is required to implement load operations with zero wait states and load operations with two wait states?The time it takes to perform the fetch instruction and decode instruction steps is called the execution time. True or false?How does pipelining improve CPU efficiency? What’s the potential effect on pipelining’s efficiency when executing a conditional BRANCH instruction? What techniques can be used to make pipelining more efficient when executing conditional BRANCH instructions?
- Two 1-bit values generate a 1 result value when a(n) _____ instruction is executed. All other input pairs generate a 0 result value.For a computer's instruction set to be considered orthogonal, it must be able to produce a "backup" instruction for each main instruction. If I'm incorrect, someone please tell me.Suppose we add the following instruction to MARIE’s ISA:This instruction increments the value with effective address “Operand,” and if this newly incremented value is equal to 0, the program counter is incremented by 1. Basically, we are incrementing the operand, and if this new value is equal to 0, we skip the next instruction. Show how this instruction would be executed using RTN.
- MIPS ISA has registers of 32-bits which are employed to create a 64-bit base address which is especially used for instructions like Load Word and Store Word. May these Load Word and Store Word instruction formats contain a random pair of source registers to create the base address? If yes, explain if there will be any corresponding effects and what they will be? If no, why not?Consider the following store instruction: SW R1, 0x000F(R0). Assume that the registers R0 and R1 are initialized with 0x00000001 and 0x53A78BC Frespectively. A section of the MIPS byte addressable data memory is shown. Give the memory word of the following memory locations after the SW operation: (a). 0x00000015. (b). 0x00000014. (c). 0x00000013. (d) 0x00000012.(e). 0x00000011. (f). 0x00000010.Suppose we add the following instruction to MARIE’s ISA: JumpOffset X This instruction will jump to the address calculated by adding the given address, X, to the contents of the accumulator. Show how this instruction would be executed using RTN.
- in 80886 microprocessor Suppose that. DS = 0200H, BX = 0300H, and DI-400H Determine the memory address accessed by each of the following instructions, assuming real mode operation: (1) MOV AL,[1234H] (2) MOV AX,[BX] (3) MOV [DI]ALSuppose an instruction takes four cycles to execute in a nonpipelined CPU: one cycle to fetch the instruction, one cycle to decode the instruction, one cycle to perform the ALU operation, and one cycle to store the result. In a CPU with a four-stage pipeline, that instruction still takes four cycles to execute, so how can we say the pipeline speeds up the execution of the program?Consider the following portions of three different programs running at the same time on three processors in a symmetric multicore processor (SMP). Assume that before this code is run, Total is 15, val_1 is 45, val_2 is 25, and val_3 is 5. Core 1: Total = Total + val_1;Core 2: Total = Total - val_2;Core 3: Total = Total + val_3; 1. Show the assembly code for both instructions. Assume that Total, var_1, and var_2 are stored at 0x0100, 0x0120, and 0x0130 respectively.2. What are all the possible resulting values of Total? For each possibleoutcome, explain how we might arrive at those values. You will need to show all possible interleavings of instructions.3. How could you make the execution more deterministic so that only one set of values is possible?
