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- Explain what is Oligopoly and duopoly? Are firms in Oligopoly large firms or small firms? What is product differentiation, price discrimination and profit maximization under Oligopoly? Give two examples each of product differentiation and price discrimination. What is the optimum point of production and minimum cost point of a firm under Oligopoly? Explain and draw AR and MR curves as (a) kinked demand curve; (b) Collusion (cartels) and (c) Price leadership model.If firm 1 and firm 2 are the oligopolistic firms in bottled spring water production in Nomansland. The market demand is given by ? = 5000 −20?, Qd is the number of kilolitres demanded per month while P is the price of kilolitres of bottled water. If I assume in the bottled spring water production industry oligopoly exists amongst 20 firms how do I solve for the cournot quantities,prices and profits at equilibirum ? If ten firms are merged how will I calcuate the new Cournot equilibrum quantities, prices and profits for above?What are some of the barriers to entry that can keep the number of sellers small in an Oligopoly? Explain what these barriers to entry can mean for the long run profits in oligopoly. Give a few examples of businesses that you think are oligopolists and what the barriers to entry are in those markets.
- Only typed answer In a duopoly, each firm has marginal cost MC = 100, and market demand is Q = 500 - 0.5p. Assuming average cost is the same as marginal cost. In which oligopoly, Cournot or Stackelberg, do firms have more market power? a. Cournot since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is twice as much as that in the Stackelberg model. b. Stackelberg since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is twice as much as that in the Stackelberg model. c. Cournot since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is about 1.08 times as much as that in the Stackelberg model. d. Stackelberg since the Lerner Index in the Cournot model is about 1.08 times as much as that in the Stackelberg model.which of the following statements about industries that are oligopolies is false? Select one a. An oligopoly with two firms is calleda duopaly, b. Firms in these industries may attempt to cooperate. C The fact that there is more than one firm in an oligopoly means that there are no barrien to entry d. Firms in these industries are interdependentWhat an oligopoly is? Explain in details. Solve the following problem: Assume that two airline companies decide to engage in collusive behaviour. Let’s analyse the game between two such companies. Suppose that each company can charge either a high price for tickets or a low price. If one company charges €100, it earns low profits if the other company charges €100 also, and high profits if the other company charges €200. On the other hand, if the company charges €200, it earns very low profits if the other company charges €100, and medium profits if the other company charges €200 also. 1. Draw the decision box for this game. 2. What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Explain. 3. Is there an outcome that would be better than the Nash equilibrium for both airlines? How could it be achieved? Who would lose if it were achieved?
- What is the distinguishing characteristics of oligopoly in relation to the other forms of the other market organizations? What is its significance? In which sector of the USA economy is oligopoly most relevant?An oligopolistic firm from the telecommunication industry in USA follows demand-and-cost situation in 2009.Price in USD($) Quantity Total cost20 7 3619 8 4518 9 5417 10 6316 11 7215 12 81i. How much output should the oligopolistic produce? What price should it charge and what is the maximum profit can this firm earns?Suppose that there are two firms in a market, firm 1 and firm 2. The marketis declining in size. The game starts in period 0, and the firms can compete in periods 0, 1,2, 3, ... (i.e., indefinitely) if they so choose. Duopoly profits in period t for firm 1 are equalto 105 −10t, and they are 10.5 −t for firm 2. Monopoly profits (those if a firm is the onlyone left in the market) are 510 −25t for firm 1 and 51 −2t for firm 2. At the start of eachperiod, each firm must decide either to “stay in” or “exit” if it is still active (they do sosimultaneously if both are still active). Once a firm exits, it is out of the market forever andearns zero in each period thereafter. Firms maximize their (undiscounted) sum of profits.What is this game’s subgame perfect Nash equilibrium?Kinked demand curve model is useful in explaining price quantity stability that prevails in oligopolistic market agree? Or disagree use ilustrations to explain
- Discuss what can be the expected resultof the firms in the oligopoly, that is, that can be the expected Nash Equilibrium solution fora household cleaning appliance.Next, explain how it can be applied to the decisions that have to be made in an oligopoly. What specifically is the decision to be made by each seller in an oligopoly? How does each possible outcome in the prisoners' dilemma map into an outcome in an oligopoly? What do you think each seller's dominant strategy will be? Examine and discuss how the role of communication, specifically the lack of communication, can lead to an outcome that is worse for the players. (Of course, it is against U.S. law for the sellers to conspire to make the market less competitive!) Can you think of other examples of how the prisoners' dilemma could be applied to business decision making? Discuss any other applications of a prisoners' dilemma game you find to be interesting, whether from the text or one you can think of on your own.1. Prove that every trembling-hand perfect equilibrium (for the agent normal form) is sequential. Show by example that the converse is false. The remaining problems in this chapter concern game-theoretic variations on the classic models of oligopoly. They are primarily about those models and so relate more to material in other chapters, but they could not have been posed until we had covered Nash equilibria and sub game perfection. 2. Prove that in the Bertrand game, if prices must be charged in integer multiples of a penny, then there is always at least one Nash equilibrium in which players do not use weakly dominated strategies.
