Edman degradation involves (i) treatment with phenylisothiocyanate in alkaline conditions (pH = 9) (ii) treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (pH acidic, but not acid enough to hydrolyze the peptide bond) (iii) extraction with organic solvents (iv) analysis of the organic phase, while the aqueous phase is going back to step (i) for another cycle. Draw the products formed at each step of the first round of the cycle for the same peptide of part (a), Ala-Gly-Tyr-His-Leu.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Edman degradation, a sequencing method for amino acids in a peptide. This method involves the cleavage of the peptide from N-terminal or amino-terminal without interrupting the peptide bonds between the rest of the peptide. This is a widely used method as it can sequence peptides up to 50 amino acids. The reaction involves a peptide reacting with phenylisothiocyanate and the removal of one amino acid from the N-terminal at a time.
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