When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply) a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell. AG protein signaling mechanism outside the cell. Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recyclin The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic

When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply) a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell. AG protein signaling mechanism outside the cell. Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recyclin The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section4.5: Intercellular Communication And Signal Transduction

Problem 3CYU: Outline the three general means by which binding of a water soluble extracellular chemical messenger...

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When activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply) a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell. b) A G protein signaling mechanism outside the cell. c) Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recycling. d) The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic cell.
A drug binds to a receptor and causes an immediate change in the electrical signaling or excitability of that cell, without activating another signaling molecule. What type of receptor is this drug most likely binding to? G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Ligand-gated ion channel Enzyme-coupled receptor Intracellular receptor Voltage-gated ion channel
For a signal to be sent down an axon of a nerve cell, an action potential must be generated. This is done by.. Select one: a. G-protein coupled receptors bind ligand, a phosphorylation cascade occurs, this causes a change in charge of the membrane due to the addition of phosphates allowing Na+ channels to open. b. Ligand-gated K+ channels open, allowing K+ to rush out of the cell and depolarize that part of the membrane. This change in charge opens neighboring voltage-gated channels. c. Ligand-gated Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to rush in. This then depolarizes that region of the membrane resulting in opening neighboring voltage-gated channels. d. Receptor tyrosine kinases have two Na+ molecules bind, this opens voltage-gated channels allowing the “signal” to pass down the axon.
when calcium uptake by the cell membrane. this regulation is achieved through hormone-receptor activation of phospholipase C, resulting in the formation of which of the following compounds? cAMP G protein Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate Protein Kinase A Protein Kinase C During an action potential in a mammalian motoneuron, the rapid depolarization is caused by activation or inactivation of _________ Channels?
Whether the statement "most intracellular signaling pathways provide numerous opportunities for amplifying the responses to extracellular signals" is true or false.
Which of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone interacts with a receptor site on the plasma membrane. B. The activating hormone activates an enzyme, most often adenylate cyclase C. Activated adenylate cyclase catalyzes the transformation of AMP to cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP causes the activation of protein kinase E. None of these are correct.
Which of the following is the best example of negative feedback for a steroid hormone? plasma membrane receptor activating a G protein plasma membrane receptor that activates the MAP Kinase pathway nuclear hormone receptor activating transcription of enzymes that synthesize the hormone nuclear receptor inhibiting its own transcription
Choose the signaling or type of receptor for each
A cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?
Describe three different responses of a cell-surfacereceptor on binding a signaling molecule and undergoing aconformational change.
The propagation and reception of signals between nerve cells must happen quickly, in order for an organism to respond to stimuli appropriately. Because of that, the majority of neurotransmitters fall into which category? -Autocrine -Paracrine -Endocrine -Direct signaling
What is the difference between a G protein and a receptor tyrosine kinase? Give an example of a hormone that uses each.