Example 1: Define a function that takes an argument. Call the function. Identify what code is the argument and what code is the parameter. Example 2: Call your function from Example 1 three times with different kinds of arguments: a value, a variable, and an expression. Identify which kind of argument is which.  Example 3: Construct a function with a local variable. Show what happens when you try to use that variable outside the function. Explain the results.

Redo Programming Exercise 1 by overloading the operators as nonmembers of the classrectangleType. Write a test program that tests various operations on the classrectangleType.

(Numerical) Write a program that tests the effectiveness of the rand() library function. Start by initializing 10 counters to 0, and then generate a large number of pseudorandom integers between 0 and 9. Each time a 0 occurs, increment the variable you have designated as the zero counter; when a 1 occurs, increment the counter variable that’s keeping count of the 1s that occur; and so on. Finally, display the number of 0s, 1s, 2s, and so on that occurred and the percentage of the time they occurred.

(Statics) A beam’s second moment of inertia, also known as its area moment of inertia, is used to determine its resistance to bending and deflection. For a rectangular beam (see Figure 6.6), the second moment of inertia is given by this formula: Ibh3/12 I is the second moment of inertia (m4). b is the base (m). h is the height (m). a. Using this formula, write a function called beamMoment() that accepts two double- precision numbers as parameters (one for the base and one for the height), calculates the corresponding second moment of inertia, and displays the result. b. Include the function written in Exercise 4a in a working program. Make sure your function is called from main(). Test the function by passing various data to it.

When you borrow money to buy a house, a car, or for some other purpose, you repay the loan by making periodic payments over a certain period of time. Of course, the lending company will charge interest on the loan. Every periodic payment consists of the interest on the loan and the payment toward the principal amount. To be specific, suppose that you borrow $1,000 at an interest rate of 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly. Suppose that your monthly payment is $25. Now, the interest is 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly, so the interest rate per month is 7.2/12 = 0.6%. The first months interest on $1,000 is 1000 0.006 = 6. Because the payment is $25 and the interest for the first month is $6, the payment toward the principal amount is 25 6 = 19. This means after making the first payment, the loan amount is 1,000 19 = 981. For the second payment, the interest is calculated on $981. So the interest for the second month is 981 0.006 = 5.886, that is, approximately $5.89. This implies that the payment toward the principal is 25 5.89 = 19.11 and the remaining balance after the second payment is 981 19.11 = 961.89. This process is repeated until the loan is paid. Write a program that accepts as input the loan amount, the interest rate per year, and the monthly payment. (Enter the interest rate as a percentage. For example, if the interest rate is 7.2% per year, then enter 7.2.) The program then outputs the number of months it would take to repay the loan. (Note that if the monthly payment is less than the first months interest, then after each payment, the loan amount will increase. In this case, the program must warn the borrower that the monthly payment is too low, and with this monthly payment, the loan amount could not be repaid.)