Explain the concept of data distribution in a Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS). How does data distribution improve performance and reliability in a DDBMS?

In a distributed database system, what is the significance of data fragmentation, allocation, and distribution? How do these factors impact system performance and scalability?

Explain what a homogeneous distributed database is and how it varies from a heterogeneous distributed database. Also, what are the basic issues that each kind of database faces when it is used in applications that are based on the real world?

Explain the concept of data distribution in a Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS) and its significance in enhancing performance and scalability.

What are the major challenges in designing a distributed database system, and how can they be addressed?

In a distributed database architecture, what are the challenges associated with maintaining data consistency, and how are these challenges addressed?

Explain the concept of data partitioning in distributed databases. What are the strategies for horizontal and vertical data partitioning, and how do they impact performance?

In a distributed database system, what challenges and complexities arise in terms of data consistency, availability, and partition tolerance, and how are they addressed?

Describe the main objectives of a Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS).

Explain the principles of sharding in database management and its relevance in distributed databases.