Explain the differences between in-vitro and in-vivo testing of Pharmaceutical products. Give suitable examples.

Q: Description of clinical trial process for the Pfizer-BioNTech. Incorporate the following key words:…

A: Pfizer also known as BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine is a lipid nano-particle formulation,…

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters ED50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: Toxicological parameters - It is the level of toxicity to determine drug usage. The toxicological…

Q: evaluation of crude drugs

A: Crude drugs are obtained from any parts of the plants and consist of one or more active ingredients…

Q: Describe the purpose of microbial testing?

A: Microorganisms come in contact with us everyday in which some are harmless and some can cause severe…

Q: What do you know about pharmacodynamic drug development? Explain briefly

A: Pharmacodynamic drug development deals with biochemical and physiological effects of drug and…

Q: 1.The discovery step and the identification or consisting of the choice of the therapeutic target…

A: A therapeutic target or biological target is anything inside a living organism that can be targeted…

Q: Explain the role of LC50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate? Explain at your own words

A: Drugs are defined as the type of chemical substances where they produce changes in the physiology or…

Q: Explain synthetic lethality.

A: Synthetic lethality is a condition which arises when a combination of deficiencies in the expression…

Q: Define therapeutic index and explain its importance.

A: Therapeutic Index is also known as Therapeutic Ratio. It is a quantitative measurement of the…

Q: Describe the different types of trials a new drug must undergo before it is “ready for market.”

A: A drug is a chemical substance that produces a biological effect. When the drug is taken by…

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters LD50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: Toxicological parameters - It is the level of toxicity to determine drug usage. The toxicological…

Q: Lead discovery - Target selection - Medicinal chemistry - In vitro studies - In vivo studies -…

A: THR DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS There are 5 processes of drug development. 1. Drug discovery and…

Q: Describe the FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug.…

A: Answer :- The FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug…

Q: Which of the following is a useful pharmacokinetic parameter that provides an accurate indication of…

A: Pharmacokinetics means  In this branch of medicine science consider the absorption , metabolism,…

Q: Discuss the effects of glass packaging materials on pharmaceutical dosage form? Discuss at your own…

A: Packaging refers to the process of wrapping or safeguarding products in preparation for delivery,…

Q: The Drug is packed in the above shown packaging with a glass container and rubber stopper at the…

A: Drug stability indicates the capacity of the drugs to maintain their structural, pharmacological,…

Q: What are the different toxicological parameters in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate? explain…

A: KEY WORDS :- Toxicological - It tells about toxicity or toxic level of drug to body.

Q: what is pharmacophore? what is the importance of pharmacophore in drug discovery?

A: The drug is the chemical substance that is responsible for altering the function of living things.…

Q: The following are words used in animal testing and its alternative methods. Define the following…

A: Vivisection: It is basically done as an experimental activity for study purpose. Here animals are…

Q: Describe the influence of protein binding on drug bioavailability

A: Protein binding is the extent to which drugs can bind to proteins in the blood or tissues. The…

Q: Explain the role of different toxicological parameters (i.e. ED50, TD50, LD50, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.)…

A: A drug is any substance that can affect psychology or physiology when taken into the body. It is…

Q: The key element that would transform a matrix-type extended-release drug product to a reservoir-type…

A: Answer--  water insoluble rate cintrolling Membrane

Q: List down 3 different test animals and give samples for which purposes they can be used in testing…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Briefly explain the therapeutic drug monitoring of Warfarin? Please explain at your own words

A: Warfarin is called Coumadin and it acts as an anticoagulant. It is used to treat embolism,…

Q: give me an example for a drug that has 1% bioavailability and how and why we use that drug?

A: bioavailability is a generally defined as the measure rate or fraction of initial dose of a drug…

Q: Using a schematic diagram, illustrate the process of the following stages of drug development:…

A: Stage 1: Discovery and Development:Drug disclosure is the manner by which new prescriptions are…

Q: As a pharmacist, propose some improvement that can be implemented to further improve the formulation…

A: Drug stability It is the capacity of the pharmaceutical product to maintain its standard properties…

Q: Write two advantages & two disadvantages of using biosimilar drug products insted original innovator…

A: Biological products Through biotechnological process biological products are derived from the living…

Q: Two different methods are described in the literature to portray the pharmacokinetics of ethanol.…

A: Alcoholic beverages are part of several cultures since the beginning of human civilization. Our…

Q: Explain the uses of the minimum inhibitory concentration and thetherapeutic index in drug selection.

A: Microbes that cause diseases are called pathogens.

Q: Introduction about Biochemical tests.

A: Biochemical tests are defined as tests used to identify bacterial species based on their differences…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE Properties of a drug suitable for transdermal use include:  High molecular mass…

A: In this question we have to identify a statement true or false that is properties of a drug suitable…

Q: Identify the criteria the compounds must meet in order to be developed into drugs.

A: A pharmaceutical drug or medicine is a compound that is used either for the diagnosis, treatment,…

Q: Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes becomeresistant to drugs.

A: Antimicrobial resistance refers to the condition that occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria,…

Q: What are the key considerations for the scale-up of cell culture process for the large molecule drug…

A: Well developed skills are needed to increase the batch yield and to reduce processing time for large…

Q: ne the importance of dietary supplements, including their active agent, and to know if it is…

A: A healthy diet contains various essential dietary minerals which include calcium, phosphorus,…

Q: Outline the general steps from initial drug discovery to IND filing. Add as much detail as you need…

A: In the pharmaceutical industry, a drug discovered for a specific disease cannot be moved directly to…

Q: describe the experiments and results (using a mouse model)  demonstrating the effectiveness of the…

A: The use of animal models in research resulted in the advancement of knowledge for how diseases…

Q: Enumerate the different sources of drug. Provide example for each source. Discuss the advantages and…

A: Sources of drugs Natural sources Plants Animals Microbes Minerals Artificial sources Synthetic Semi-…

Q: Please give me a discussion/explanation of (CLINICAL TRIAL) part in drug discovery and development.

A: The pharmaceutical sector is a very significant field nowadays since the discovery of new…

Q: Describe drawbacks associated with the use of topical powder dosage forms, and provide examples of…

A: Powders are dry mixtures of finely split medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients intended for…

Q: Explain the role of different toxicological parameters (i.e. ED50, TD50, LD50, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.)…

A: In the development of new drug it is very important to make sure about its safety. After the invitro…

Q: escribe the FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug.…

A: Drug:  It is a chemical compound used to cure the diseases. Drugs works on targeting the specific…

Q: Describe three situations where you would use an excipient in your drug formulation and how you…

A: Excipients can be outlined as inert substances that are utilized in the drugs as diluents.…

Q: Define the concept of drug bioavailability and briefly explain how it is experimentally determined.…

A: bio-availability of a drug is the indicator or measure to check how much the administered dosage of…

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters LOAEL in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: In the development of a new drug, it is very important make sure about the safety profile of the…

Q: Briefly explain what are the different types of pharmaceutical primary packaging? Please answer at…

A: Packaging means to enclosed or protect the products used for distribution, uses, storage and sale.…

Q: What do you know about pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug development? Explain briefly

A: Drug research:It encompasses many diverse disciplines that are united for a common goal, the…

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.