explain the laws of thermodynamics, including the first, the second, and the third law of thermodynamics entropy, and free energy changes for physical and chemical processes.

Q: The graph represents the energy change of a chemical reaction. Which must be true about the entropy…

A: Given, the energy profile diagram: We have to find the correct statement about the entropy of the…

Q: “The most stable state of an isolated system is the state of maximum entropy”. Use the second law of…

A: Entropy change always exhibits the decrement or increment in the system's randomness. Any reaction's…

Q: Two different gases occupy the two bulbs shown here. Consider the process that occurs when the…

A: The enthalpy change, ∆Hmix value is 0 since at equilibrium enthalpy of mixing ideal gases is 0.

Q: State the third law of thermodynamics?

A: Third law of thermodynamics tells that the entropy or the randomness of the substance becomes stop…

Q: Which of the following statements is true?         (A) The total energy and entropy of the universe…

A: Correct answer is (B) The total energy of the universe is constant, but the entropy is increasing.…

Q: Using the thermochemical equations above, the heat for the given overall reaction is ___ Kilojoules…

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Q: State the first law of thermodynamics in terms of (a) the energy of the universe; (b) the creation…

A: The first law of thermodynamics has to be stated,

Q: Define the following terms:a. workb. exothermic reactionc. endothermic reactiond. isothermic…

A: "Since there are multiple sub-parts in this question and it is not mentioned that which one has to…

Q: Which of the following is true about the total entropy of the universe? A) It is always increasing…

A: Which of the statement is true about total entropy of the universe ?

Q: Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) The entropy of the universe increases for any…

A: (a) The spontaneous process is a process that starts on its own without any external effort.…

Q: a spontaneous process increass the entropy of ? the system the surroundings  the universe  None…

A: Answer is option (c) entropy of the universe increase

Q: The rusting of iron is spontaneous and is accompanied by a decrease in the entropy of the system…

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Q: Which of the following exhibits a negative entropy change?    A. An ice cube melts on the table…

A: Entropy represent randomness of the particle.As the randomness increase entropy also increase.

Q: Give an example for each of the following and provide explanation based from what you learned about…

A: Thermodynamics is branch of chemistry in which we deal with heat gained or lost by the system.

Q: the Laws of Thermodynamics, then explain in detail which law Entropy and Enthalpy would apply to.…

A: Thermodynamics is study of flow of heat. It consists of three laws which are as follows: 1st law of…

Q: The law of thermodynamics states that every spontaneous process moves towards greater entropy.…

A: First law:  energy can't be created or destroyed. Second law :  The entropy increases for any…

Q: The third law of thermodynamics is defined as     a. the combined mass and energy of the universe…

A: -> at absolute (0K) temperature all the modes of motion stops (no vibration , no translation and…

Q: If the difference between the enthalpy of the products and that of the reactants is positive and the…

A: A spontaneous reaction is a reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under…

Q: he second law of thermodynamics favors     A. processes that have zero entropy of the universe…

A: The given problem is based on the laws of thermodynamics.

Q: Which of the following is a correct statement about the second law of thermodynamics? O All…

A: To define: The second law of thermodynamics.

Q: Explain how entropy increases in the universe.

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Q: What do standard states have to do with free-energy changes?

A: Standard state is like the reference state of the substance, the phase of the substance usually…

Q: Why is free energy “free”? >

A: Free energy is denoted by the energy free to do work in a system.The various thermodynamic functions…

Q: An explosion brings down an old building, leaving behind a pile of rubble. Does this cause a…

A: Given information,      An explosion brings down an old building, leaving behind a pile of rubble.

Q: State the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Living systems may appear to violate the second…

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Q: A statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that a. energy is conserved in a chemical…

A: According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe remains constant. For a…

Q: Given that the enthalpy of reaction for a system at 298 K is -292kJ/mol and the entropy for that…

A: Gibbs free energy is related to enthalpy change and change in entropy at constant temperature as,…

Q: Fill in the blanks with either negative, positive or zero. According to the second law of…

A: According to the second law of thermodynamics the change in the entropy of the universe during a…

Q: Which of the following circumstances will result in a reaction that is spontaneous only at low…

A: Spontaneity is determined by Gibb's free energy change. ∆G < 0 for spontaneous reaction. Formula…

Q: The second law of thermodynamics states that if the change in S in the universe is greater than 0,…

A: Second Law of thermodynamics based on a parameter of chemical reaction termed as entropy Sign of…

Q: If a reaction is exothermic and its entropy change is positive, which statement is true? (a) The…

A: A chemical reaction in which heat is liberated is called an exothermic reaction. For an exothermic…

Q: State the first law of thermodynamics in terms of (a) the en-ergy of the universe; (b) the creation…

A: (a) According to first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant. Because the…

Q: ll things trend toward disorder. When cups of hot milk are left on the table for long period of time…

A: Statement for 2nd law of Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics does not tell that heat energy…

Q: Laws

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Q: We eat food every day for sustenance. Relate the idea of eating foods to the second law of…

A: The second law o thermodynamics deals with the quality of energy. It states that when energy changes…

Q: according to the second law of thermodynamics which of the following statement is true for a…

A: Entropy term is the measure of disorder/randomness. According to second law of thermodynamics system…

Q: if the enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is positive this reaction would be

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Q: Compare how entropy changes for the following two systems : System A: A gas and a solid react to…

A: Entropy is the measurements of randomness. The gases have more entropy than liquid and solid.

Q: The entropy and enthalpy of a reaction are both negative. Is the reaction spontaneous? Explain

A: The entropy and enthalpy of a reaction are both negative. Is the reaction spontaneous has to be…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE According to the second law of thermodynamics Entropy of the universe decreases in…

A: According to second law of thermodynamics entropy of universe always increases or remain constant…

Q: Consider entropy and its role in determining if chemical and physical processes are spontaneous.…

A: The entropy change shows the "increment or decrement" in randomness. During melting, the phase…

Q: For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true or false. Why ? a) A spontaneous…

A: a) A spontaneous reaction always releases heat. - False     All of the Spontaneous reactions  are…

Q: In biology the equilibrium equations that keep living organisms alive are called homeostasis. How…

A: Homeostasis is the condition in living organisms where the equilibrium equations that keep loving…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly identifies the Second Law of Thermodynamics? The free…

A: The second law of thermodynamics predicts the spontaneous nature of a process. According to this…

Q: Water can be decomposed to form hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen and oxygen can be recombined…

A: The decomposition reaction of water is,