Explain the role of "read-after-write", "write-after-read", and "write-after-write" hazards in memory operations.

Is it the case that all declaration statements lead to a fixed amount of RAM being set aside, or just some of them?

5. How many bits are required to address a 4M X 16 main memory if a) main memory is byte addressable? b) main memory is word addressable? 6. How many bits are required to address a 1M X 8 main memory if a) main memory is byte addressable? b) main memory is word addressable?

Explain the concept of "repeatable reads" and how it differs from other isolation levels.