Explain why each input port of a high-speed router includes a shadow copy of the forwarding table.

Calculate the latency (from first bit sent to last bit received) for the following: (a) 100-Mbps Ethernet with a single store-and-forward switch in the path and a packet size of 12,000 bits. Assume that each link introduces a propagation delay of 10 µs and that the switch begins retransmitting immediately after it has finished receiving the packet. (b) Same as (a) but with three switches. (c) Same as (a), but assume the switch implements “cut- through" switching; it is able to begin retransmitting the packet after the first 200 bits have been received.

Unlike datagram and virtual-circuit networks, circuit-switched networks do not require a routing or switching table to establish the output port from which information relevant to a destination can be conveyed. Please explain what is causing this disparity.

Discuss why each input port in a high-speed router stores a shadow copy of the forwarding table.

An explanation of how a switch and a router's collision and broadcast domains function together is required.

What is the function of a router in the OSI model, and which layer does it primarily operate in?

What issues have been found in the layer 2 protocol of the router? What does this discovery mean, if anything? Why does an ICMP request sent by a PPP-encapsulated router continue to function after the subnet of the serial interface has been changed?

Unlike datagram and virtual-circuit networks, circuit-switched networks do not need a routing or switching table to establish the output port from which destination-related data may be sent. Explain the cause of this disparity.