Explain the one turn/two turn joining (12/23; heptamer/nonamer) rule for VL to JL, DH to JH, and VH to DHJH joining.

Q: A gene contains 30% thymine. What is the percentage of pyrimidines present in this segment? Explain.

A: Purines and pyrimidines are chemical molecules that play a role in the production of DNA and RNA and…

Q: Why is it 2n-2?

A: A molecule is called chiral molecules if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any of A…

Q: Why is O+ compatible with O+, AB+, A+, B+?

A: Introduction : Landsteiner studied the properties of blood cells and the proteins on the surface of…

Q: Which describes the double-loop system but not the single-loop system?

A: A double circuit circulation is the type of blood circulation which involves the heart and the…

Q: Define the term beta-amyloid protein?

A: An significant example is the amyloid-beta precursor protein. It is a large protein in the membrane…

Q: 6. Would Lys-Glu-Ser have the same pl as Ser-Glu-Lys? Explain.

A: Note: The given picture contains multiple questions and as per the guidelines we'll answer the first…

Q: What do numeric pyramids represent?

A: The pyramids are the graphical models of the quantitative differences that are present between the…

Q: Shown below are two homologous lengths of the alpha and betachains of human hemoglobin. Consult a…

A: the minimal mutational distance is

Q: ______ mutations in the coding sequences of a gene maymodify the amino acid sequence of the…

A: Mutations are defined as the change in the sequence of DNA of an organism due to any environmental…

Q: Chargaff's Rule states that adenine is paired with and cytosine is paired with

A: The rule that in DNA, the bases A and T are always equal in amount, and the bases G and C are always…

Q: Which of the following is a tautomer or are tautomers of cytosine? `N' OH. OH. OH. H

A: The hereditary molecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transmits genetic information from one…

Q: Define the term adenosine triphosphate?

A: Introduction   All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.

Q: Which of the following best represents the amino acid sequence found in normal adults with the HBB…

A: The Hemoglobin beta chain gene consists of code for 146 aminoacid sequences, where each amino acid…

Q: What are the four components for the translocation of protein across endoplasmic reticulum? and…

A: Protein translocation is a process where proteins move between cellular components. It can occur…

Q: Which of the following is the polyadenylation signal sequence? AAAAAA O AAUAAA O AAAUAA AAUUAA

A: Polyadenylation signal sequence :- is the signal sequence needed to add poly A tail at 3' end of…

Q: What is exact location of centrosome?

A: A centrosome is a cellular organelle found only in animal cells. It serves as the major…

Q: Define helicase

A: The process of transcription in prokaryotes requires the double-helical DNA to partly unwind in the…

Q: The protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene is 1480amino acids long, yet the gene spans 250 kb.…

A: Because the gene contains introns (non-coding regions within the gene) that are removed during the…

Q: 15. Adenine (A) pairs with Guanine (G) pairs with

A: asked for 15 so answered 15 th question. DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is…

Q: Identify the conditions that account for the differentseasons

A: The period of a year that is characterized from others by some characteristic climatic conditions…

Q: Explain how single nucleotide changes can have mostly different effects on protein function.

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: Define cytotoxic nucleotide.

A: Introduction  DNA strand is composed of three components: Deoxyribose Sugar Nitrogenous Bases…

Q: Where is the centrosome located?

A: A centrosome is a cellular structure that participates in cellular division. The centrosome…

Q: What is the major function of Shugoshin during interphase?

A: Interphase is an important phase during cell cycle during which the cell prepares itself before the…

Q: Give the name of the polypeptide

A: Polypeptides are made up of number of amino acids. When two or more polypeptide are joined together…

Q: What is the biological function of the Neurofibromin-1 (NF1) protein?

A: The Neurofibromin gene is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). It is located on chromosome 17 long arm. It…

Q: What is the relationship between x-d-glucose or β-d-glucose? Are they mirror images?

A: Glucose is a sugar (monosaccharide) It possesses 3 carbon atoms and 1 aldehyde group. Therefore it…

Q: Which parameters are plotted on the X and Y axes of a Kaplan-Meier graph?

A: During scientific experiments, a huge amount of data is generated. Different types of experimental…

Q: Three polypeptides, the sequences of which are represented below using the one-letter code for their…

A: In peptide 1, - (ATKNRASCLVPKHGALMFWRHKQLVSDPILQKRQHILVCRNAAG) Total number of negatively charged…

Q: In what important ways do the α helix and β sheet structures differ? (b) How are they similar?

A: Secondary structures of protein are local, regular structure of protein backbone which are…

Q: What are the term of anticodon loop?

A: Anticodon loop:  at one of the two ends of the tRNA (transfer RNA) three adjacent nucleotide is…

Q: What types of interactions/bonds/forces are polar amino acids able to form when a polypeptide is…

A: Polar amino acids are those amino acids that have side-chains capable of residing in an aqueous…

Q: Define the following terms: a. guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) b. pretranslocation state c.…

A: A) GEF stands for guanine nucleotide exchange factor . Its a groups of protein that activate GTPases…

Q: Why might a protein precipitate when its tag is cleaved?

A: Precipitation of protein occurs because the change in pH or hydrophobicity results in the alteration…

Q: Explain the nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) ? How it is formed ?

A: Nucleotides are the genetic material in living organisms. They are packed in the nucleus in…

Q: Define and state the significance of ONE of the terms below Triose-P/P translocator

A: The plant, which is a multicellular eukaryotic organism, performs photosynthesis. The green colour…

Q: What is the major biological function of the Son-of-Sevenless (SOS) protein?

A: The name of this gene was based on the fact that the Sos protein it encoded was found to operate…

Q: Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to a mutation.

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: Why nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is helpful ?

A: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)  Is a repair process for double-strand DNA breaks. In contrast to…

Q: What type of proteins do redundant genes often specify?

A: Gene redundancy is when a biochemical function is encoded by two or more genes in a redundant…

Q: What are the penetranceand the expressivity of agene?

A: A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for a functioning molecule. There is…

Q: Explain the reasons for the removal or reduction of nucleic acid in Single Cell Protein.

A: Algae when commercially produced as a single-cell protein can cause harm if the nucleic acid content…

Q: What would be the effect of a mutation that causes a poly(A)-binding protein to be nonfunctional?

A: Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a RNA binding protein, which helps the polyadenylate polymerase…

Q: A mutant is found that has the following protein sequence: Met Gly Thr Leu Arg Gly. What is the…

A: Mutation is defined as the alteration in gene that result in alteration in the function of the…

Q: Draw 2 possible structures for each of the formulas; C6H8 and C6H6

A: A structural isomer is defined as a molecule with a similar chemical or molecular formula but a…

Q: What is an SMC complex? Describe two examples

A: In metaphase, chromosomes become compact or condensed. This indicates that the chromosomes are ready…

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacology is a discipline of medicine that studies how medications interact with the systems and processes of living organisms, focusing on drug action mechanisms as well as therapeutic and other purposes.