F factor onт Reglon of F factor that encodes genes that are necessary for conjugation traB trbQ traA Pilin trau Proteins that proteln are components of the exporter tral Genes on the F factor that play a role during conjugation. A region of the F factor carries genes that play a role in the conjugation process. Because they play a role in the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient cell, the genes are designated with the three-letter names of tra or trb, followed by a capital letter. (Note: the tr- prefix refers to "transfer.") The tra genes are shown in red, and the trb genes are shown in blue. The functions of a few examples are indicated. The origin of transfer is designated orit. Coupling protein Relaxase tram tras tray tral troE trak trap trbG trav traR trac trbl traw tran traf trao trbB trbJ trbF trac ros traD trbH trax

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.