Fill out the table below. Determine whether the rate of the metabolic pathways will increase or decrease in the presence of a hormone. Insulin Glucagon Glycolysis Hexose monophosphate pathway Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis
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- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.Which of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstreamDiscuss and trace the pathway of the production of insulin, starting from the stimulation by glucose.
- This is a question assigned after reading the case study available here https://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/files/statins.pdf HMG CoA reductase is activated by insulin signaling, and inhibited by glucagon signaling. Explain why insulin resistance and type II diabetes often are accompanied by elevated cholesterol levels.Select the FOUR statements below that describe an individual who does not require insulin injections (insulin independent). Please explain. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels. Beta cells secrete insulin in response to decreased blood glucose levels. Urine samples indicate high levels of glucose. Urine samples indicate no glucose. Muscle, liver cells, and adipose tissue are permeable to glucose. Muscle, liver, cells and adipose tissue are impermeable to glucose. Water excretion is normal. Extra water is excreted.describe the multiple actions of insulin.
- Insulin is obligatory in the following states, except:A. Light course of type 2 diabetes mellitusB. Pregnancy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Lactation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusD. Ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusE. Surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusWhich of the following medications does not have hyperglycemic effects (does not decrease insulin actions)?A. Calcium channel blockersB. Beta 2 agonistsC. PentoxifyllineD. H2 histamine receptor blockersE. IsoniazidInsulin therapy has all of the following effects, except:A. Increases concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma B. Stimulates glucose uptake by tissuesC. Inhibits lipolysisD. Activates protein synthesis
- ndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought to be a result of: the lack of increase in glucagons in the se individuals the presence of insulin in the individuals their obesity the fact that, their blood glucose levels do not tend to rise significantly Metabolic actions of insulin include all of the following except: increased glycogenesis decreased gluconeogenesis increased basal metabolic rate increased skeletal muscle amino acid up-take all of the above are metabolic actions of insulinIdentify the statements that are TRUE regarding Glucagon. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels in the body. B. Glucagon is produced and released by alpha cells in the pancrease. C. Glucagon levels will be reduced after eating or drinking carbs D. Glucagon enhances the metabolic actions of insulin within the cell.
