Focusing Lenses Radiation Source Wavelength Selector Detector Atomizer Signal Processor Amplifier Sample 1. What is the stationary phase? 3 1. Why is it important to prevent air bubbles from forming in the column? * 2. What are the advantages of capillary column over packed columns in GC?
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- (a) A sample of body serum is to be analysed for sodium by flame emission spectroscopy. 1.00cm3 aliquot of serum was pipetted into each of two 50.0 cm3 volumetric flasks. The firstflask was diluted to volume with deionised water. The absorbance of this first solution was0.350. To the second flask 10.0 cm3 of a 25.0 ppm sodium standard was added and theflask made up to volume with deionised water. The absorbance of this second solution was0.720.(i) Calculate the concentration of the sodium in the body serum in mg dm–3A sample of body serum is to be analysed for sodium by flame emission spectroscopy. 1.00cm' aliquot of serum was pipetted into each of two 50.0cm' volumetric flasks. The first flask was diluted to volume with deionised water. The absorbance of this first solution was0.350. To the second flask 10.0 cm' of a 25.0 ppm sodium standard was added and the flask made up to volume with deionised water. The absorbance of this second solution was 0.720.(i) Calculate the concentration of the sodium in the body serum in mg dm-3.The intensities of flame emission lines can be influenced by a variety of instrumentalfactors including flame temperature, flow rate of solution, and nebulizer efficiency. In the flameemission determination of sodium, lithium is often added as an internal standard. The followingemission intensity data were obtained for solutions containing 5.00 ppm Na and 125 ppm Li.5.00 ppm Na 5.9 Intensity for Na 125 ppm Li 9.1 Intensity for LiA solution with an unknown amount of sodium and 125 ppm Li gave a sodium intensity of 4.4 and alithium intensity of 9.5. What is the concentration of sodium in the unknown?
- A stock solution of analyte is made by dissolving 34.83 mg of copper (II) acetate hexahydrate(fw = 289.73 g/mol) in 25.00 mL of water. A second stock solution of internal standard is madeby dissolving 28.43 mg of germanium (I) acetate (fw = 190.74 g/mol) into 25.00 mL of water.These solutions are used to make a series of standards for flame atomic absorption analysiscalibration. The standard solutions (each 10.00 mL total volume) should have the followingconcentrations of copper: 10.00; 25.00; 50.00; 100.0; and 200.0 μM. Each calibration solutionshould also contain 50.00 μM of germanium. What is the analyte stock solution concentration? What is the internal standard stocksolution concentration?Complete this table.Using the absorbance of [FeSCN]+2 at the wavelength of maximum absorption which you obtained in part B, and the diameter of the tube, obtained in part A,calculate the molar extinction coefficient. given info: Concentration of Fe3+ stock solution, C1 = 0.001 M Volume of stock Fe3+ solution pipetted, V1 = 25mL Concentration of diluted stock solution, C2 = 0.0004 M Volume of Fe2+ solution and KSCN (upon mixing) = 10mL Weight of KSCN = 1g The reaction taking place is given as: The reaction taking place is given as: F e 3+ (aq) + SC N − (aq) ⇔Fe [SCN] 2+ (aq) the concentration of [FeSCN]2+ after the mixing of Fe3+ and SCN- is 2.5 x 10-3 M. Moles of [FeSCN]2+ = 2.5 x 10-5 moles Diameter:1.2cm The wavelength at which maximum absorption takes place is = 480 nmDerive the Scatchard equation for a reaction system 2P + X ↔ P2X, in which only P and P2X have measurable absorbances at the chosen wavelength. Based on this equation and the data given below, determine the values of Keq and ??2? (epsilon P2X). Assume the width of the cuvet used in all of these measurements to be 1cm, i.e., b = 1cm,and the absorbance of the blank solution to be zero. Sample# P0 (M) X0 (M) A 1 4×10-4 0 0.31 2 2×10-4 2×10-2 0.37 3 4×10-4 4×10-2 0.79
- A third spectrophotometric method for the quantitative analysis of Pb2+ in blood uses Cu2+ as an internal standard. A standard containing 1.75 ppb Pb2+ and 2.25 ppb Cu2+ yields a ratio of (SA/SIS)std of 2.37. A sample of blood is spiked with the same concentration of Cu2+, giving a signal ratio, (SA/SIS)samp, of 1.80. Determine the concentration of Pb2+ in the sample of blood.(B) A 0.05 mM solution of DCPIP was placed in a 1 cm spectrophotometer cuvette and a beam of light at 600nm was passed through the cuvette. The extinction coefficient for DCPIP is 3500 L/mole/cm under the specific conditions used. What proportion (as a percentage) of light would emerge from the other side of the cuvette?The resolution product of Ag2SO3 is 1.5 x 10-14. Calculate E0 for Ag2SO3(s) + 2e- ↔ 2 Ag(s) + SO32-. Ag+ + e- ↔ Ag E0 = + 0,799 V
- A water sample was run through the colorimetric procedure for the analysis of nitrate, giving 65.0% transmittance. A sample containing 1.00 ppm nitrate run through the exactly the same/identical procedure gave 24.6% transmittance. What was the concentration of nitrate in the first sample?a solution of 5.47 ppm kmno4 has a transmittance of 0.409 in a 1 cm at 520nm. Calcualate the molar absorptivity of KMnO4 Express in 5 SFPrepare a calibration curve to determine the Pb content in a well water sample using atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the following data were recorded: % T 100 75.2 56.6 42.5 31.9 24.6 13.8 ppm Pb 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 A 50 mL aliquot of well water is taken and diluted twice, the% T reading is taken and a value of 40.6% is recorded. Calculate the ppm of Pb in the well water.