For each of the following statements regarding protein import into mitochondria, indicate whether it is likely to be true or false. [Select] into the mitochondria matrix. [Select] [Select] being translated [Select] unfolded state. The signal sequence is always retained after proteins are imported Chaperon proteins are needed for protein import into mitochondria Imported proteins cross the mitochondrial membrane while it is still Proteins imported into mitochondria cross the membrane in

For each of the following statements regarding protein import into mitochondria, indicate whether it is likely to be true or false. [Select] into the mitochondria matrix. [Select] [Select] being translated [Select] unfolded state. The signal sequence is always retained after proteins are imported Chaperon proteins are needed for protein import into mitochondria Imported proteins cross the mitochondrial membrane while it is still Proteins imported into mitochondria cross the membrane in

Name: For each of the following statements regarding protein import into mi
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Description: For each of the following statements regarding protein import into mitochondria, indicate whether itis likely to be true or false.[Select]into the mitochondria matrix.[Select][Select]being translated[Select]unfolded state.The signal sequence is alwa

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1....

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If the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was depolarized (switched from + to -), what effect would this have on protein translocation into the mitochondria? Explain.
An important function of the inner mitochondrial membrane is to provide a selectively permeable barrier to the movement of water soluble molecules and thus to generate different chemical environments on either side of the mem- brane. However, many of the substrates and products of oxidative phosphorylation are water soluble and must cross the inner membrane. How does this transport occur?
What are two examples of cytosolic chaperone proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import? Upon binding the synthesized protein how does it prevent protein folding?
The catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an active site Lys residue (pKa = 9.5) that acts as a general acid. Mutation of a neighboring residue alters the microenvironment of the Lys side chain so that its pKa shifts from 9.5 to 7.2. Would the mutation cause the reaction rate to increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
Only 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.
The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) normally resides in the cytosol, and it can be imported into mitochondria by appending a mitochondrial signal sequence. However, when this modified DHFR is incubated with methotrexate, which is a substrate analog that binds tightly to the active site, the modified DHFR is no longer imported. Propose an explanation for this finding.
Components of the TIM complexes, the multi- subunit protein translocators in the mitochondrial inner membrane, are much less abundant than those of the TOM complex. They were initially identified using a genetic trick. The yeast Ura3 gene, whose product is an enzyme that is normally located in the cytosol where it is essential for synthesis of uracil, was modified so that the protein carried an import signal for the mitochondrial matrix. A population of cells carrying the modified Ura3 gene in place of the normal gene was then grown in the absence of uracil. Most cells died, but the rare cells that grew were shown to be defective for mitochondrial import. Explain how this selection identifies cells with defects in compo- nents required for import into the mitochondrial matrix. Why don’t normal cells with the modified Ura3 gene grow in the absence of uracil? Why do cells that are defective for mitochondrial import grow in the absence of uracil?Components of the TIM complexes, the multi-…
Using the answer code on the right, indicate which form of energy production is being described: 1. takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 2. produces H2O as a by-product 3. results in a rich yield of ATP 4. takes place in the cytosol 5. processes acetyl-CoA 6. takes place in the mitochondrial innermembrane cristae 7. converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules 8. uses molecular oxygen 9. accomplished by the electron transport system and ATP synthase (a) glycolysis (b) citric acid cycle (c) oxidative phosphorylation
During the FADH2 electron transport chain, the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/III, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space through complexes I, CoQ/II, and IV the protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the outer mitochondrial membrane through complexes I, III, and IV
The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) normally resides in the cytosol, andDHFR can be imported into mitochondria by appending a mitochondrial signalsequence. However, when this modified DHFR is incubated with methotrexate, whichis a substrate analog that binds tightly to the active site, the modified DHFR is nolonger imported.a) Propose an explanation for why methotrexate prevents import of DHFR intomitochondria.b) Suppose that DHFR were modified instead by appending a nuclear localizationsignal. Would you expect methotrexate to prevent transport of this modified DHFRinto the nucleus? Why or why not?
Long term use of high-dosage tetracycline causes cellular damage that mimics mitochondrial disease becauseChoose one :A. mitochondrial proteins are easily denatured by drugs like tetracycline. B. mitochondrial ribosomes are susceptible to inhibition by tetracycline. C. mitochondrial lipid bilayers become leaky due to drugs like tetracycline. D. the mitochondrial inner membrane is solubilized by tetracycline. E. mitochondrial DNA is alkylated by drugs like tetracycline..
Release of cytochrome C from mitochondrial membrane is stimulated by which of the following (multiple answers)? A. Caspase 9 B. Bcl-W and Mcl-1 C. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL D. BAX and BAD E. Bcl-2 alone