For instance, β-catenin is involved in cellular adhesion as well as proliferation.  Estrogen can be protective for the heart, but also drive cancer. With how complicated signaling pathways are, why would there be one protein or molecule that can have such different functions?

Q: Explain how a kinase cascade works. Why is this advantageous in the context of hormone signaling?

A: When a signalling molecule (ligand) binds to the receptors on another another cell, a cascade of…

Q: a receptor signaling even in the absence of its ligand could be caused by: loss of function mutation…

A: A receptor signaling even in absence of ligand could be caused by  Answers :  Gain of function…

Q: Proteases are enzymes that destroy proteins. Application of these enzymes to an intact cell strips…

A: Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a…

Q: Why are steroids able to diffuse across the plasma membrane? a. Their transport protein moves them…

A: Steroids are biological active compounds having four fused rings.All steroid are composed of four…

Q: Which of the following statements about protein kinases is not true? O yclin:CDK complexes are…

A: A protein kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of the formation of phosphorylated protein…

Q: Why do signaling responses that involve changesin proteins already present in the cell occur in…

A: Signaling responses that involve changes in proteins already present in the cell occur in…

Q: Why has phosphorylation by kinases one of the choice pathways that evolved for signal transduction?…

A: The cells are involved in various functions. The cellular functions are coordinated through signal…

Q: For most signaling molecules, explain why a signal transduction pathway is necessary

A: Introduction  As multicellular organisms are made up of a lot of cells, there must be coordination…

Q: Which of these proteins contain IDRS, and how do the IDRS impact signaling?

A: Intrinsically disordered proteins and region ( IDPs and IDRs) are of crucial importance to cell…

Q: This pertains to membrane transport and cell signaling. Give an example in animals and in plants…

A: Cell signaling is a process in which cells communicate with each other within the body. There are…

Q: Which of the following is NOT in common between GPCRS and RTKS? Both receptors are activated upon…

A: In the cell plasma membrane, several receptors are present, which help to transfer the extracellular…

Q: NSULIN causes fat, liver, and muscle cells to take in glucose. In this situation the effector…

A: Insulin is a harmony which regulates the blood glucose level . Due to question answering guidelines…

Q: What happens if a cell is missing a receptor for a particular signaling molecule?

A: Cell-surface receptors are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to foreign…

Q: Why is the GTPase activity of G proteins crucial to the proper functioning of a cell? Why have G…

A: GTPass activities are performed by the GTPases which are the families of hydrolase enzymes. G…

Q: Which of the following statements about cell signaling is true? Only cells in direct contact can…

A: The communication and coordination between two cells or a cell and the environment are essential for…

Q: What are the possible outcomes of cell signaling?

A: Cell signaling refers to the biological phenomenon of cellular communication. The process of cell…

Q: Provide an overview of the cell signaling process.

A: Cell signalling forms a part of a communication process that co-ordinates multiple actions of the…

Q: Cell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in some ways and different in others. What are…

A: Cell signaling means cells present in organisms interact with surrounding and other cells for proper…

Q: What kind of domain is involved with intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and are able…

A: Pleckstrin homology domain is a protein domain consisting approximately 120 amino acids.

Q: The structure of a plant cell wall needs to loosen to accommodate cell growth. What signaling…

A: Cell wall in plants are made up of cellulose, a structural polysaccharide with the monomer glucose.…

Q: Describe some of the protein domains that are commonly found within signaling proteins.

A: A protein domain is a region of the proteins polypeptide chains that is self stabilizing and that…

Q: cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the…

A: GPCR is a family of cell surface receptors that perform its action mainly through the action of GTP…

Q: Why does signaling always involve a cascade of multiple enzymatic reactions?

A: The answer is - to Amplify one signal into response that involves many enzymes.  For Example- in a…

Q: solutions for treating COVID-19 based on your understanding of the signaling pathways

A: COVID-19 Treatment Coronavirus disease 19 is an infectious disease caused by Coronaviruses.…

Q: Draw a diagram of a membrane receptor and include the following details. Include a depiction of the…

A: The cell membrane is quasi fluid, elastic, pliable, and thin partitions over and inside the…

Q: a. Cytoplasmic Receptor   b. Transmembrane Receptor   c. Intracellular Receptor   d. Nuclear…

A: Cell signalling is the process which results in changes in cell metabolism.

Q: How do signaling proteins form specific complexes? Provide examples.

A: Signaling protein: In almost all cells, there is a protein on the membrane known as a…

Q: If a cell has an excess of a subunits, what is likely to happen to signaling pathways that act…

A: Presence of more number of subunits in the receptor will further makes the signaling pathway complex…

Q: Why would it be beneficial for cells to wait until a critical population density is present before…

A: The communication of bacteria occurs through signaling molecules that vary between species.  Most…

Q: Vitamin D is a relatively small, lipid-soluble molecule that can behave as a hormone. Its receptor,…

A: Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble molecule or a fat soluble vitamin. They are very important for the cell…

Q: Cells can use endocytosis to reduce the response to extracellular signaling. Which of these BEST…

A: Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing…

Q: The G-proteins associated with GPCRS are made up of three subunits. In order to become active they…

A: G protein ha three subunit-  Alpha  Beta  Gamma

Q: Which of the following in the PKA pathwaycan NOT be mutated to inhibit or activate the GPCR…

A: Cell signalling pathways control changes in cell metabolism.

Q: Integrins have many functions, one of which is sensing connections to the extracellular matrix. What…

A: Integrins provide transmembrane connections between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton,…

Q: You have a signaling pathway as follows: a hydrophilic signal molecule binds to its receptor,…

A: Signal is amplified when a single process activates a lot of proteins so, phosphorylation by kinase…

Q: When epidermal growth factor (EGF)—the ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)—binds…

A: Cancer is caused by many reasons as a result that we see unregulated cell division and growth.

Q: PKA signaling can be turned off through the activation of A. A protein phosphatase B. CAMP O C.A…

A: In biology, to perform everyday functions properly the cells require to communicate with each other.…

Q: A cell signaling molecule that triggers an effect only in the vicinity of the cell secreting is is…

A: In multicellular organisms, cells can send and receive chemical messages constantly to coordinate…

Q: If a cell wants to directly affect transcription of genes by utilizing cell signaling which of the…

A: Signalling molecules or ligands  are those which carries the specific information. Signalling…

Q: signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to…

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question.  Answer : Correct Statement Is The GPCR activation is reversible after…

Q: In the case of GPCR (G protein coupled receptor) signaling pathways, which of the following…

A: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are cell surface receptors. They are also known as…

Q: To move in a specific direction, a migrating cell must use extracellular cues to establish which…

A: Introduction GTPases are a wide family of hydrolase enzymes that attach to and hydrolyze the…

Q: How is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a…

A: Signal transduction is a process in cell signaling.

Q: What are the functions of Cell signaling proteins?

A: Introduction: Cells use chemical signals to communicate with one another and with other cells and…

Q: In intercellular signaling pathways, some receptor proteins can also act as a transcription factor…

A: Cell signalling is a series of reactions resulting in changes in cell metabolism.

Q: Receptors often activate signaling molecules that are __________. This property helps to increase…

A: A cell receptor is a protein to which substances like chemicals, medications, and antigens can tie.…

Q: Describe three types of responses that cells make to signaling molecules.

A: Cell signaling is part of any communication process that governs the basic activities of cells and…

Q: Use your knowledge of Cell & Molecular Biology to design solutions for treating COVID-19 based on…

A: Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses transmitting between animals and people that cause…