give an example of how signal transduction plays a role in disease

Q: Cells have an intracellular [Ca²+] = 0.1 µM. If cells hydrolyzed 1 mol of ATP under standard…

A: Gibbs free energy change for the ion to move across the membrane (both chemical and electrical…

Q: E (A) ernisto q (B) muhdiliups noitsioozzib 293izonuod to noitent norw My 0.8 21 (C)sgil 9911 to ne…

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…

Q: What is the name of this cofactor related to niacin? 0 O-P :0 U -ро OH -CH₂ Н Н OH NH₂ OH Н OH 2+…

A: Niacin is also known as vitamin B3. It is also known as nicotinic acid. It is a water soluble…

Q: Discuss the cellular location and biological significance of the processes of the citric acid cycle…

A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by the oxidation…

Q: Name the following polypeptide: CH₂OH H H H₂N-C- H H CH₂ H CH3 H CH2 JI C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-COO…

A: Polypeptide is a unbranched continuous chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Peptide bond is…

Q: a. What is the name of metabolite 1? b. What is the name of metabolite 2? c. What molecule a is…

A: Purines are heterocyclic organic compound that has 5-member rings fused to a 6-member ring.…

Q: A patient exhibiting all of the symptoms of beriberi is placed on a thiamine- rich diet, but it does…

A: Carbohydrates consumed in diet enter the glycolytic pathway as glucose. Pyruvate is the end product…

Q: Classification of lipids.

A: A category of heterogeneous chemical substances that are soluble in non-polar solvents are referred…

Q: What is true about lipids?  A. They are polar and therefore soluble in polar solvents B They are…

A: The four classes of biological macromolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids  and…

Q: In order to study protein structures and functions, many protein techniques have been developed for…

A: There are various techniques in order to study about protein , whether be it's function or…

Q: Question 3: A runner just finished a marathon. For the enzymes listed below, indicate whether the…

A: During the marathon, the runner required extra glucose in the blood for physical activity.…

Q: A total of 2.5 x 105 cells were harvested from the patient. You need the cells to fill a scaffold…

A: For calculation of volume we need to know the basic formula of l×b×h

Q: Another biochemical study from another patient reveals a 100X increase in the KM value for the…

A: For a one-substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…

Q: Discuss how the shuttle mechanisms for cytoplasmic NADH operate in eukaryotes.

A: Most textbooks mention that under aerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated in the ETC. But the…

Q: Describe the mechanism for moving acetyl-CoA produced in the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol…

A: An enzyme called acetyl CoA carboxylase in the cytoplasm catalyzes the carboxylation of Acetyl CoA…

Q: e) Draw a cartoon version of a lipid bilayer that illustrates the packing of several phospholipids…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have…

Q: What do all fats have in common? A) they all have identical hydrocarbon chains B) they are acidic C)…

A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…

Q: 1in oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated? 2 name three types of…

A: ATP is produced by either substrate-level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation.…

Q: Which of the following is activated after epinephrine/ glucagon binds to their receptores select all…

A: Glucagon and epinephrine are hormones that increase the blood glucose levels. So all those processes…

Q: Identify examples of a carbohydrate that is: unbranched, reducing monosaccharide

A: Chemically, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They have the general formula :…

Q: Draw the steps involved in the catabolism of thymine into malonyl-CoA. Include the names and…

A: Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides, and nucleotides are composed of a pentose sugar,…

Q: H Overall: R acetone Mechanism Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone. Eto: + Etö: -1 11 benzaldehyde :ÖEt…

A: Definition: Two aldehydes that react in the presence of a base to form a beta-hydroxyaldehyde, which…

Q: How similar of an effect would a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase have, compared to a mutation in…

A: In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate by…

Q: Determine how many water molecules are used to completely oxidize Lignocerate (24:0) 8 10 014 011 9…

A: Fatty acids are long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl end. Glycogen is the storage form of…

Q: Please explain the formula (process) used to get the Red undelived numbers, Thanks!! example each…

A: Enzyme kinetics - Enzymes are usually comprise of protein molecules which is used to catalyzed…

Q: Complete the following reaction: P680 + light →_______→ O P680*; P680 + H+ O P680*; P680* + e O…

A: The P680 reaction center is a part of photosystem II. Upon getting hit by photons, P680 gets…

Q: In TCA cycle, FADH2 is formed in reaction(s) catalyzed by a. Succinyl-CoA synthetase O b. Succinate…

A: In aerobic condition, pyruvate in the presence of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex produces Acetyl…

Q: An enzyme “happyase” catalyzes the reaction: sad to happy. For total enzyme concentration of 4 nM,…

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: Responses elicited by cAMP production EXCEPT     glycogen breakdown     increased secretion of…

A: G-protein is a GTP binding protein that is found closely associated with the receptor called…

Q: Which of the following substances derived from lipid catabolism serves as a precursor for glucose…

A: Triglycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol. Three fatty acids are esterified to a single…

Q: Compare and contrast glycogen synthesis/degradation in muscles as compared with the liver.

A: Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide made up of glucose units linked by alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6…

Q: The ultimate acceptor of electrons in the nadh electron transport chain is  a. H+ b. ATP  c. O2…

A: Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose can produce 10 NADH (6 from acetyl CoA in TCA cycle + 2…

Q: Consider the image of protein synthesis (translation). Identify the two different RNA molecules…

A: Translation refers to the process of protein synthesis. It falls under the process of gene…

Q: Questions and Problems 7. Explain the difference in enzyme activity before and after heating. 3. Why…

A: Enzymes are high molecular weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…

Q: QUESTION 21 Match the following metabolic reactions or components with their corresponding cellular…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…

Q: G-protein coupled receptors have a GTP-binding domain.  True  False

A: G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the majority of cellular responses  to external…

Q: 1 what is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? what happens to each product?  2 Starting with…

A: Citric acid cycle (or TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) is the final common oxidative pathway…

Q: LO43 Identify the levels at which gene expression can be regulated in prokaryotes and eukaryotes…

A: Gene regulation is the process of control of expression genes. This process occurs by several…

Q: catabolic pathway - draw the complete electron transport chain for myristate

A: Myristate is 14 carbon saturated fatty acid molecule (molecular formula of CH3(CH2)12COOH), a…

Q: 5. Consider the oxidation of a mole of NADH using the following half reactions: 12 02 +2e + 2 H+ →…

A: Biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one biomolecule,…

Q: 13. Southern blotting is separation of DNA by agarose electrophoresis and probing with a labeled…

A: The 'blot' in the different blotting techniques (southern, northern, western and eastern blotting)…

Q: 1. Given the following metabolic pathway of aspartate to pyruvate, all of which occurs in the…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…

Q: Cancer cells need more DNA synthesis but the NADPH/ NADP* ratio is high. Which of the following…

A: In animal tissues, glucose has two possible fates: be oxidised into carbon dioxide and water by…

Q: 1) Define the following terms as they relate to protein synthesis (translation). A) initiation B)…

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…

Q: Is FRAP useful for studying the movement of peripheral membrane proteins on the membrane? Justify…

A: Introduction Plasma membrane is the outermost covering of the animal cell. The Plasma membrane is…

Q: Identify (1) the group where the lipid belongs, and (2) determine whether the lipid is saponifiable…

A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that have two things in common: low…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning fatty acid oxidation is NOT true? O a. The way of fatty…

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…

Q: Use a schematic diagram to briefly summarize the steps taken during the separation, isolation, and…

A: Milk is the secretion of fluid from the mammary gland, the milk is composed of ~88% water and ~12%…

Q: 1. You order two primers from a company that synthesizes oligonucleotides. The primers have the…

A: Primers are short stretches of nucleotides that are used to initiate the synthesis of nucleic acids.…

Q: Cell signaling systems: A. autocrine      B. paracrine        C. endocrine      D. none among the…

A:

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.