What is Embden-Meyerhof pathway of RBC metabolism, explain as simple as possible CASE STUDY # 2A 2-year-old black girl is being seen by the hematologist after her pediatrician found her tobe severely anemic with splenomegaly and jaundice. Her mother gives a possible history ofa "blood problem" in her family but doesn't know for sure. Her hemoglobin electrophoresiswas normal, and the complete blood count (CBC) revealed a normocytic anemia. Theplatelet and white blood cell counts are normal. On the peripheral smear, there are manybizarre erythrocytes, including spiculated cells. A diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency ismade.BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISM:Pyruvate kinase deficiency usually will manifest clinical symptoms on red blood cells (RBCS)with no apparent metabolic abnormalities in other cells. Insufficient adenosine triphosphate(ATP) is produced in the red cell and its membrane is affected, spiculated and removed bythe spleen.CLINICAL CORRELATIONHemolytic anemia is not a common cause of anemia but should be considered in patientswith elevated serum bilirubin or urine bilirubin levels. Lysis of the erythrocyte can occur fromvarious mechanisms such as medications, antibodies against red blood cells, infection,coagulopathy, and mechanical processes such as abnormal heart valves, and enzymedeficiencies of the red blood cell. Patients may notice fatigue, dizziness from the anemia,and dark colored (classically "coke-colored" urine) from the bilirubinuria. Confirmation ofhemolysis can be obtained by the peripheral blood smear revealing fragmented red bloodcells, or increased serum bilirubin or decreased serum haptoglobin. Immunoglobulins cancause red blood cell lysis by attacking various proteins on the surface of erythrocytes;autoimmune processes (body attacking itself), or alloimmune (immunoglobulins fromoutside) such as from a blood transfusion or a fetus from the mother. The Coombs tests canassess for immunoglobulin on the red blood cell or circulating in the serum. Typically,hemolysis of the erythrocyte is associated with increased levels of RBC precursors in thebone marrow and thus immature forms of the erythrocytes in the bloodstream; therefore, anincreased reticulocyte concentration supports the increased destruction of red blood cells.

Introduction: The glycolysis pathway is also known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The pathway…

Answered: hat is Embden-Meyerhof pathway of RBC…

Surgical Tech For Surgical Tech Pos Care

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337648868

Author:Association

Publisher:Association

Chapter12: Surgical Case Management

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12.1CS

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Case Study #1: Ms. C is a 19-year old college student. She was brought to the ER with symptoms of nausea, vomiting and gastric pain and diarrhea for two days. Upon interview, patient revealed that she ate street foods a few hours before the symptoms developed. She is dehydrated with urine output of 500 ml/day, pale and dry skin, her temperature is 38.2 C, and stool culture revealed Salmonella infection. She was given IV fluids and loperamide. 1. Make a SOAP Chart for this case
9. Case Study: A male patient experienced body malaise, joint pains. He consulted a family medicine physician and was later referred to a hematologist, where bone marrow examination revealed a 10% plasma cells. Myeloma proteins and Bence- Jones protein were demostrated in the blood and urine respectively. a. Is the plasma cell count above, within or below normal/reference value? b. Give the reason why there is higher than normal myeloma proteins in the blood? c. Give the reason why a high level of Bence- Jones protein is detected in urine? d. On the basis of the laboratory results, what do you think is the disease/disorder of the patient?
Case Study #1: Ms. C is a 19-year-old college student. She was brought to the ER with symptoms of nausea, vomiting and gastric pain, and diarrhea for two days. Upon interview, the patient revealed that she ate street foods a few hours before the symptoms developed. She is dehydrated with a urine output of 500 ml/day, pale and dry skin, her temperature is 38.2 C, and stool culture revealed Salmonella infection. She was given IV fluids and loperamide. Make a SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) Chart for this case. What is salmonellosis? What causes it? How is it diagnosed? What are the Symptoms? How is it managed? Discuss how salmonellosis can be prevented.
Case Study Identifying Intravenous Delivery Systems, Administration Method, Infusion Rate, Stability/Compatibility, and Labelling of an Intravenous Admixture Mr. Blair, a 75-year-old man weighing 60 kg, was admitted to the Gastroenterology Unit of the Miracle Hospital with severe diarrhea due to food poisoning. After examining Mr. Blair, Dr. Clark ordered IV fluids of D5W 1000 mL q12h, for the next three days with added electrolytes, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, since Mr. Blair was severely dehydrated. In addition, suspecting Salmonella poisoning, Dr. Clark prescribed Septra, 500 mg IV q12h, to be mixed in the D5W electrolytes fluid admixture. What considerations must be taken into account prior to admixing this order? (NAPRA 6.1, 6.2, 8.3, 9.2) 2.If the drug is determined to be incompatible with D5W and electrolytes, what IV delivery system and/or administration method would you use to administer the medication? (NAPRA 2.3, 6.1, 6.2, 8.3, 9.2)…
Case Study 5:A 4-year-old boy was seen in the public health clinic because of intermittent bouts of diarrhealasting almost 4 weeks. The mother did not note any bright red blood in the stool. The child waspale, listless, and had a protuberant abdomen. He had a number of small erythematous vesicleson his feet. His mother said that he sometimes ate dirt and always had a good appetite. The familylived in a rural part and had a well from which they got their drinking water. This part of thecountry had only recently been connected to the local city’s sanitation system. The physicianinitially ordered a complete blood count with an elevated Eosinophil count. The physicianordered a stool culture for bacterial pathogens and stool examination. The bacterial culture wasnegative for enteric pathogens, but the stool examination revealed parasitic organisms and thepresence of Charcot-Leyden crystals. Diagnosis: Capillariasis Causative Agent: Capillaria philipinensis Case study presentation should…
Case study 1. Present a treatment or solution to address such case through the guiding questions after the case.
7. Compare and contrast deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the post-operative patient. Disease Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Complications
Case study HPI: 73 year old Asian male presents to your clinic for a follow-up appointment. He is c/o dyspnea. SOB has gradually increased over the last 4 days and is worse when lying down in bed. He cannot walk more than 25 feet without SOB. He sleeps downstairs in a recliner, mostly so he doesn’t have to go up the stairs. He denies fever, chills, chest pain, palpitations, dizziness constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or nausea. Reports 7 kg weight gain over the past week, chronic nonproductive cough. PmHx: heart failure, DM type II, HTN, CAD, MI, CKD FHx: Father died of MVC at age 62, mother died of heart failure at age 79, sister (age 65, alive) with HTN SHx: never used tobacco, etoh 1-2 drinks/month, retired, married with 1 daughter (ages 41, healthy), used to walk at the neighborhood track, but can’t anymore; eats mostly fish and vegetables, does not use salt. Meds: carvedilol 3.125mg BID lisinopril 40mg daily…
CASE STUDY 15.6 A 52-year-old woman presents with a localized swelling and purulent abscess in her right hand and enlarged lymph nodes in her axial region (under the armpit). She sustained a small puncture wound while replanting rose bushes 1 week earlier. She has repeatedly cleaned and dressed the wound with antibiotic treatment, with no success. The physician collects an aspirate from the abscess. Gram stain reveals gram-positive cocci in clusters Laboratory data follow Catalase: Positive Coagulase: Latex positive Multiple Choice Questions From the patient's history and laboratory results, which organism is the most likely cause of the infection. Micrococcus luteus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Sporothrixschenckii ANS: b. Staphylococcus aureus What other clinical condition could arise from this injury if treatment were not initiated? No concerns; infections are self-limiting. Patient may develop a bacteremia, resulting in a more serious infection.…
Case Study 2Respiratory DrugsBrett is a 12 y/o boy with a history of asthma, diagnosed 2 years ago. He is an outgoing, active boy and participates in a swim club and soccer, but he has a difficult time adjusting to the limitations of his asthma. He has learned to control acute attacks by using albuterol (Proventil) metered-dose inhaler, and because his asthma is often triggered by exercise, he has been using a budesonide (Pulmicort) inhaler and taking montelukast (Singulair). After competing in his swim meet at the local indoor pool, Brett began experiencing respiratory distress. He alerted his coach, who retrieved the albuterol inhaler from Brett’s backpack. After two inhalations, Brett was still in distress and the rescue team was called.On admission to the emergency department, Brett is in obvious distress with pulse oximeter readings of 90% to 91%. He has nasal flaring and bilateral wheezing is heard in is his lung fields, pulse rate is 122 beats/min, and he is orthopneic.…
Case Study 3 – Congestive Heart Failure Dottie is a 78-year old CHF patient. She has been exercising with your facility for several years now. She had a CABGx3 in 2020. She came in today with a 5 lb. weight gain since yesterday when she weighed on her home scale this morning. Her meds include- Lipitor, Procardia, and Lasix. (Cholesterol, Calcium channel blocker Hypertension, and Diuretic, respectively) Her blood pressure is 132/88 and her HR = 102; Her weight is 196, up from 191 when last measured. She is a pleasant, overweight individual who enjoys walking on the treadmill and visiting with other members of your facility. 1. What are specific considerations for someone with CHF and exercise? How is the exercise prescription any different from the apparently healthy adult prescription? 2. What is your biggest concern with Dottie today and how would you handle this concern(s)?
B. RELATED QUESTIONS:1. Discuss what is COPD and its pathophysiology 2. Discuss the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for COPD

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