5. When the acetyl-CoA produced during B-oxidation in the liver exceeds the capacity of the citric acidcycle, the excess acetyl-CoA forms ketone bodies-acetone, acetoacetate, and D-b-hydroxybutyrate. Thisoccurs in severe, uncontrolled diabetes: because the tissues cannot use glucose, they oxidize largeamounts of fatty acids instead. Although acetyl-CoA is not toxic, the mitochondrion must divert theacetyl-CoA to ketone bodies. What problem would arise if acetyl-CoA were not converted to ketonebodies? How does the diversion to ketone bodies solve the problem?

The oxidation of some amino acids into fatty acids, as well as glycolysis, is the source of acetyl…

Answered: /hen the acetyl-CoA produced during…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYK

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1. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.
Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
1.How does compromised pyruvate kinase activity lead to anemia? 2.In your own words, what do you think is/are the reason/s why most of the clinical features of these diseases involve muscle and nerve tissue(Deficiencies of a-KG dehydrogenase, succinate de-hydrogenase SDH and fumarase?
1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?
In type I diabetes mellitus, excessive production of acetyl-CoA may surpass the body’s capacity to oxidize it. As a result, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone (ketone bodies) accumulate. When generated in large amounts, blood pH falls, thereby reducing the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Explain in general terms how high concentrations of ketone bodies may result in a fatal coma.
5. Which of the following enzymes is NOT used when fructose is metabolized to pyruvate in the liver? a. triose phosphate isomerase b. glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase c. glucokinase d. phosphofructokinase-1 e. pyruvate kinase
1) Which of the following is NOT TRUE following β-oxidation in the liver? a) The formation of propionyl CoA could lead to the production of glucose from B-oxidation b) The formation of acetyl CoA could lead to ketone bodies synthesis c) Acetyl CoA could be converted to pyruvate allowing for the production of glucose d) Acetyl CoA could be used for the synthesis of HMG CoA e) Acetyl CoA might be oxidized by the TCA cycle 2) When undergoing strenuous exercise the Cahill cycle is functioning. Which of the following substrates is being delivered to the liver tissue as part of this cycle? A. Glucose B. Lactate C. Galactose D. Pyruvate E. Alanine
1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. Phosphoglycerate kinase is fundamentally similar in function to: None of these phosphofructokinase hexokinase pyruvate kinase galactokinase 4. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon 5. True or False Succinate dehydrogenase performs an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. In the Krebs cycle,…
1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon
1. What structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?
3. How is acetyl coA carboxylase being regulated?
1. Which stage of aerobic respiration is acetyl CoA produced?

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