Hormones and other signaling molecules: definition. Classification of hormones by chemical structure.

Q: Quaternary structure of the protein is possible for Both monomeric and multimeric protein…

A: There are four level of protein structure classification. They are Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and…

Q: Ketohexoses commonly exist in living systems in either the straight chain or ring (furanose) forms.…

A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified as monosaccharides,…

Q: Which of the following types of bonds are not involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of…

A:

Q: QUESTION 21 The causes of excess ketone bodies in the urine include all of the following EXCEPT…

A: The excess ketone bodies in the urine causes ketonuria also called as ketoaciduria. Ketones are…

Q: Which of the following statements concerning complete protein hydrolysis is incorrect? Primary…

A: Protein hydrolysis is process of breaking down proteins into its components. Hydrolysis reactions…

Q: Using the following key terms, discuss the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.  Insulin,…

A: Introduction Glycolysis is a process by which glucose converts into pyruvate and ATP is produced.…

Q: I. II. III. IV. O HẲN-CH-CANH-CH,C-NH-CH-CƠ V. O CH3 alanyl 2. Types of protein structures: What is…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…

Q: Describe the four levels of protein in great depth.    Desrcibe how protein structure may affect…

A: Proteins are biomolecules composed of amino acids. Amino acids are joined together through peptide…

Q: Determine whether each of the examples or phrases describes an essential amino acid, a nonessential…

A: INTRODUCTION: They are the building blocks of proteins and amino Group (NH2) and Carboxyl Group…

Q: Draw the electron pushing mechanism

A: Arrow pushing mechanism shows the jumping of electrons taking place within the substrate and/or…

Q: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme pyruvate kinase. The standard free…

A: The standard free energy change (∆Gº') is the amount of energy released in of biochemical reaction…

Q: A/client plans to go foreah10-mile rum, but they become fatigued aftein mites, so they stop: What is…

A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP the energy…

Q: Glycolysis is central to carbohydrate metabolism and is an intergrated part of other carbohydrate…

A: Glycolysis is a collection of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions that sequentially oxidise a…

Q: There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process.  The reactions of…

A: The Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria and provides electrons for oxidative…

Q: Assume that you are conducting a chain-addition polymerization using 5.47 grams of monomer (MW=…

A: The number of moles is given by the ratio of the given mass in grams to the molar mass(MW) No. of…

Q: Which statement is CORRECT? A) Glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate B) Pyruvate…

A: INTRODUCTION : Glycolysis - It is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is metabolised / broken down…

Q: describe the extent of conformational flexibility associated with peptide bonds and their…

A: Proteins are large biomolecules made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. Amino…

Q: 4. Shown below is the structure of the anti-retroviral drug AZT. 5' HOCH, H 3 N₂ HN AZT H 12 H CH₂…

A: AZT is a drug that is used to treat HIV. HIV is a retro virus that causes the syndrome AIDS. When…

Q: Why is de novo biosynthesis of purines markedly elevated in patients with a deficiency in…

A: HGPRT is an important enzyme in the recycling of building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA or RNA.…

Q: what are correct about enzyme kinetic parameters

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an…

Q: 20000 Indicate enzymes of glucose metabolism directly or indirectly impacted by the action of…

A: Glucose metabolism is comprised of several processes, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis,…

Q: Chemistry what is the correct method for protien purification if the PI of three protiens are:…

A: The proteins are composed of twenty naturally occurring amino acids that are connected via peptide…

Q: Which of the following sequences is less favorable to find in a folded beta? Select one:…

A: Two types of secondary structures are abundant in protein: alpha helix and beta sheets.  The alpha…

Q: Chemicals such as cyanide and carbon monoxide can be deadly. This is because they directly inhibit:…

A: CO is a colorless, odorless gas that is formed by incomplete combustion of carbon compounds. CO…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of DNA Methylation.     A.   DNA methylation is typically…

A: DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism by which methyl groups are transferred to the DNA onto C5…

Q: Detection of the enzyme aminotransferase in the blood is used to diagnose: kidney damage pancreas…

A: Aminotransferases, also called as transaminases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of…

Q: Which of the following statements are true for enzymes? Check all that apply. The activity of some…

A: Enzymes are high molecular weight proteins (exceptions are catalytic RNAs) that catalyse biochemical…

Q: FLUORESCENCE BINDING a) In the DAPI DNA lab, concentration of DAPI and DNA was determined to carry…

A: Dapi is a fluorescent dye. It binds to the AT regions of double-stranded DNA and emits fluorescence.…

Q: Ribose-5-phosphate is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate using the enzyme…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway also called the hexose monophosphate shunt is an alternative pathway…

Q: Which of the following describes the interaction between the amino acid last eluted and the anion…

A: In Ion exchange chromatography the molecules are separated according to their charge. The matrix…

Q: A PCR reaction was performed to amplify the XULA3 gene, which is bp 882-5,364 on a plasmid that is…

A: The Polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique that is used to make multiple copies of a…

Q: [1-14C] Ribose 5-phosphate is incubated with a mixture of purified transketolase, transaldolase,…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway consists of 2 phases; Oxidative and Non-oxidative phase. In the…

Q: 5. Describe the role of His in the catalytic mechanism shown.

A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Q: When glycogen is degraded (catabolized), all of the following occur in both liver and muscle EXCEPT…

A: Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down the stored glycogen into simple sugar units. It…

Q: Calculate the isoelectric point of the tetrapeptide Ser-Leu-Phe-Pro at pH 7.0

A: Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal amino acid on…

Q: In beta-oxidation, which cofactor is required the for second oxidation reaction (conversion of…

A: Fatty acid β-oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce…

Q: Q1B: Calculate the number of wear particles produced per year, assuming spherical UHMWPE particles…

A: Total hip replacement (THA), commonly known as total hip arthroplasty (THA), is one of the most…

Q: 4. Blood glucose level, glucose transporter proteins (classification, localisation and biological…

A: Blood Glucose is the major sugar found in our blood.It is the main source of energy used by a cell.…

Q: The last residue of the protein (tail) is Tryptophan, and the first residue (head) is labeled with…

A: Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) or simply RET is a technique used to calculate the…

Q: Which is CORRECT for the flow of electrons from NADH? NADH Complex I→ ubiquinone → Complex III →…

A: The electrons from NADH is transferred via a series of complexes to synthesize ATP. This is known as…

Q: in triacylglycerol mobilization, triacylglycerol molecules is activated by: phosphorylation…

A: Triacylglycerol are esters of fatty acid and glycerol. Triacylglycerol, as the name indicates,…

Q: Define what a substrate cycle is and how it might be beneficial to an organism.

A: Introduction All living organisms need energy for their survival. We take food to get energy. The…

Q: In 1971, Dr. Akira Endo, working at the Sankyo company in Tokyo speculated that fungi not only…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will provide the solution only to the…

Q: 2. What is the terms used to describe what is happening to the members of the electron transport…

A: Electron transport chain is a chain of electron carriers present in the inner mitochondrial…

Q: Draw the structures of reactants and products in the transamination in which glutamate and pyruvate…

A: In a transamination reaction, an amino group is transferred from a donor substrate to an acceptor…

Q: ATP is a source of free energy that drives unfavorable reactions. Which of the processes are coupled…

A: The free energy changes in chemical reactions are denoted by ΔG. ∆G = ∆H − T∆S where ∆H is the…

Q: Starch is an example of a O none of the other answers are correct O fat O carbohydrate O protein…

A: The four classes of biological macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates.…

Q: How many ATP will be yielded in 2 moles of an 17:0 and 18:0 carbon chain?

A: Beta oxidation is a process of oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl CoA. The total amount of ATP…

Q: The carbon skeletons of many amino acids can be used to replenish the intermediates of the citric…

A: Since you have posted multiple MCQ questions, we will provide the solution only to the first three…

Q: What is a kilocalorie (kcal)? O Unlike 1 food calorie, this is the amount of energy needed to raise…

A: Introduction The calorie  is a unit of energy.  The amount of energy in any food item is measured in…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.