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A: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic…
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A: The nucleic acid is present in the nucleus of the cell. DNA is packed into chromatin. Chromatin…
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Q: Describe two cellular mechanisms that can prevent mutationsfrom occurring.
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Q: What makes X inactivation an epigenetic phenotype?
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A: Since you have posted a question with multiple parts, we will solve the first subparts for you. To…
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Q: Outline the types of molecular changes that underlie epigeneticgene regulation.
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How can environmental agents that do not cause gene mutations
contribute to cancer? Would these epigenetic changes be passed to
offspring?
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- What is the difference between silencing genes by imprintingand silencing by epigenetic modifications?According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop. Once an oncogene has been formed by a mutation, what other type of gene must also mutate?Let’s suppose you were interested in developing drugs to preventepigenetic changes that may contribute to cancer. What cellularproteins would be the target of your drugs? What possible sideeffects might your drugs cause?
- How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?Explain how DNA methylation can regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where would de novo methylation occur,and when would demethylation occur? What would occur in the cellsthat give rise to eggs and sperm?Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as dominants at theorganismal level? Is this property restricted to tumorsuppressor gene mutations?
- To what extend does environmental factors on proteins influence gene expression and using the notion of nucleosome remodling as an epigenetic mechanism to decrease or increase gene expression propose an ezamples that depicts environmental cause that decrease or increase gene expression leading to human diseaseWhy is the p53 R273W mutation preventing p53 from binding to DNA?When the DNA of a human cell becomes damaged, the p53 geneis activated. What is the general function of the p53 protein?Is it an enzyme, transcription factor, cell-cycle protein, orsomething else? Describe three ways in which the synthesisof the p53 protein affects cellular function. Why is it beneficialfor these three things to happen when a cell’s DNA hasbeen damaged?
- Why does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?Explain how Epigenetics are related with Cancer ?Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer ?