How does the pre-MRNA transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell compare to the MRNA found in the cytoplasm?

Q: How and why are eukaryotic mRNAs transported and localized to discrete regions of the cell?

A: DNA is the genetic material that houses the genetic information.

Q: What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of primary transcripts?

A: Primary transcript is the immediate product of transcription. In the process of transcription of…

Q: How does RNA polymerase know where to begin transcription?

A: The Terminator region of the DNA helps the RNA polymerase to end the transcription. Sigma factor…

Q: What is the 5′ cap? How is the 5′ cap added to eukaryotic pre-mRNA? What is the function of the 5′…

A: The process of maturation of eukaryotic mRNA from primary mRNA transcripts is known as RNA…

Q: How does C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA…

A: RNA polymerase II is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of mRNA and…

Q: What are the 3 ways in which sRNAs regulate the translation of mRNAs?

A: Gene regulation involves the expression of certain genes at a time out of all the genes present in…

Q: How does translation in prokaryotes begin before transcription ends?

A: The process of protein synthesis is accomplished through translation. The translation is a process…

Q: How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is found throughout the cytoplasm but the protein…

A: Introduction  The main crucial elements of the genome are the genes which controls all the cellular…

Q: Why do Introns in a pre-operational transcript differ in size and number?

A: Introns An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to…

Q: Where in eukaryotic cells does mRNA synthesis occur? To where do these molecules migrate?

A: Eukaryotic cell: This cell contains the nucleus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,…

Q: What serves as the template for making new MRNA?

A: In transcription process a template strand  is used to make a new RNA.

Q: How do the mRNAs of bacterial cells and the pre-mRNAs of eukaryotic cells differ? How do the mature…

A: The messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule in which the genetic information is…

Q: What is its functional difference with the RNA polymerases found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA dependent RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase catalyzes the…

Q: How is the poly(A) tail added to pre-mRNA? What is the purpose of the poly(A) tail?

A: Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular…

Q: What are the steps involved in the processing of eukaryotic pre-MRNA? why is this process important?

A: Eukaryotic pre-mRNA undergoes extensive processing where is pre - tRNA, pre rRNA in both prokaryotes…

Q: What is the key enzyme for transcription in prokaryotes?

A: Transcription involves the copying of the genetic information from DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) to…

Q: What is the significance of the fact that human mRNA can be accurately translated in E. coli ?

A: For translation the eukaryotic system and prokaryotic system both are different.

Q: What features do mature eukaryotic mRNA molecules have that bacterial mRNAs lack?

A: The process associated with the formation of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) from DNA…

Q: Name and describe three types of modification that the mRNA undergoes in eukaryotes before the MRNA…

A:

Q: Could two mRNAs have different nucleotide sequences and yet code for the same protein?

A: To synthesize protein molecules, a cell must first transfer information from DNA to mRNA through the…

Q: How is RNA processing efficiently coupled with the transcription of a pre-mRNA?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA. Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded, whereas DNA…

Q: What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs that are…

A: The unmodified mRNA which is present in the nucleus is known as a pre-mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the…

Q: How eukaryotic pre-mRNA transcripts are processed ?

A: Processing of eukaryotic mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) is responsible for formation of stable…

Q: How do siRNAs and miRNAs target specific mRNAs for degradation or for the repression of translation?

A: MicroRNAs or miRNAs are a group of small (about 22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that participate in…

Q: What are two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process of eukaryotic translation?…

A: Thank you for the question  Answer The two advantages for circularizing the mRNA during the process…

Q: What are the three primary regions of mRNA sequences in bacterial cells?

A: DNA carries the genetic information for the protein production in the body. DNA decoded into mRNA,…

Q: After an MRNA primary transcript is created, a modified guanine nucleoside triphosphate is added to…

A: The genetic information in a cell is processed in a series of steps namely replication,…

Q: How would the deletion of the Shine–Dalgarno sequence affect a bacterial mRNA?

A: A ribosomal binding site is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA…

Q: How many different polypeptides can be producedthrough alternative splicing of the same pre-mRNA?

A: Maturation of eukaryotic mRNA often entails the removal of RNA sequences (introns or intervening…

Q: What are the differences of initation, elongation and termination of transcription and translation…

A: The central dogma of biology explains the flow of information from genes to protein by two…

Q: What role does RNA stability play in gene regulation? What controls RNA stability in eukaryotic…

A: Gene regulation is defined as the mechanism by which the cells increase or decrease the production…

Q: How does the translated mRNA convert into a functional protein?

A: Translation is a process in which cells make the proteins.

Q: Why does histone deacetylase action tend to repress transcription?

A: Transcription is the process of producing messenger RNA. This mRNA synthesizes proteins which is…

Q: Why is transcription a particularly important level of gene regulation in both bacteria and…

A: Gene regulation is the process that is involved in turning on or off of a gene, which ensures that…

Q: Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this…

A:

Q: How do eukaryotic cells ensure the start codon of the mRNA is positioned properly during translation…

A: The initiation of protein synthesis consists in the recruitment of a ribosome initiator tRNA complex…

Q: What is alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs?

A: When a single pre- mRNA is spliced in more than one way to produce two or more than two mature…

Q: How is transcription different in bacteria and eukaryotes? How is it similar?

A: Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular…

Q: • How does a repressor inhibit the synthesis of a specific mRNA?

A: The process by which mRNA is formed from a specific sequence in a gene is called transcription.…

Q: How would a null mutation in the guanylyl transferase gene affect overall mRNA stability in…

A: RNA guanylyltransferase is known as a capping enzyme. It catalyzes the transfer of GMP from GTP to…

Q: What is the function of RNA polymerase in the transcription of prokaryotes?

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Q: What are the steps involved in the processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA? Why is this process important?

A: In humans or in eukaryotes, the newly made RNA transcript is not yet ready to go and is called as…

Q: How does regulation of transcription in eukaryotes differ from regulation of transcription in…

A: Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms lacking a cell nucleus. Therefore, their DNA…

Q: How does the poly(A) tail affect mRNA stability?

A: The mRNA molecule refers to the messenger RNA molecule, which plays a role in the synthesis of…

Q: introns removed during eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing

A: Pre-mRNA splicing refers to the precise removal of introns from the newly transcribed RNA. All…

Q: Give an account of post transcriptional modification of a eukaryotic Mrna?

A: RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and it is a type of nucleic acid. Some of its important function…

Q: What is the purpose of RNA-RNA rearrangements during pre-mRNA splicing?

A: INTRODUCTION A molecule compare to DNA is ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is one-stranded, and DNA is…

Anatomy and Physiology of Special Sensory Organs

Sensory organs can be labeled as special sensory structures that permit sight, hearing, odor, and flavor. Sensory structures permitting proprioception, touch, thermal, and pain perception can be classified as more advanced sensory organs. The sensory neurons are trained to find out modifications in the external and internal conditions so that a person's body can react to that change. A stimulus is the first signal that is recognized by any sensory receptor of the body. Stimulus is an impulse generated when there is a change in the surroundings of a person. For example, a heated environment will alert the brain through the thermal sensory organs and generate a reflex accordingly.

Sensory Receptors

The human sensory system is one of the most complex and highly evolved structures, which processes a myriad of incoming messages. This well-coordinated system helps an organism or individual to respond to external stimuli, appropriately. The sensory receptors are an important part of the sensory system. These receptors are specialized epidermal cells that respond to external environmental stimuli. These receptors consist of structural and support cells that form the peripheral unit of the receptor and the neural dendrites which receive and detect the external stimuli.