Q: It is conceivable for codons encoding a single amino acid to share the first two bases while…
A: Protein synthesis occurs in all organisms in two main steps: transcription and translation. DNA…
Q: How does a eukaryotic ribosome select its start codon? Describe the sequences in eukaryotic mRNA…
A: The process in which eukaryotic ribosome selects its start codon is a part of translation.…
Q: How many codons would be possible in a triplet code if only three bases (A, C, and U) were used?
A: Codons are the sequences of DNA or RNA containing three nucleotides in a single set that codes for…
Q: Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron. How long in bases…
A: In eukaryotic organisms, the gene contains introns as well as exons. Eukaryotic genomes are much…
Q: Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides in length. What…
A: In eukaryotes the template strand of DNA gets transcribed into pre-mRNA by the process known as…
Q: Will an insertion or a deletion of three nucleotides result in a frameshift mutation? Explain why or…
A: The frameshift mutation is the mutation by which the amino acid frame is changed. It is usually…
Q: Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes may be quite large, but almost none are smaller than…
A: An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation…
Q: List and draw out four distinctive features of most eukaryotic mRNAs.
A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid whereas…
Q: What mRNA is most obviously essential in coding proteins, list and describe two classes of…
A: RNA is an intermediate between DNA and proteins.
Q: Following is an mRNA sequence reported in data base. 5’ ACC AGA ATG ACC ATG GCA 3’ If there are…
A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) also contains genetic material but rarely takes part in transferring the…
Q: Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost…
A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…
Q: The earliest work on the genetic code established UUU, CCC, and AAA as the codons for Phe, Pro, and…
A: The genetic code can be defined as a set of rules. The information is encoded in the genetic…
Q: What molecular biology strategy can best be used to determine Inhibition of the splicing of one…
A: In eukaryotic genes, introns exist. They are interstitial sequences (80-10,000 bp). They do not code…
Q: A nonsense mutation occurs in the AB sequence. What would be the most significant outcome of this?
A: Metabolic pathways- Metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a…
Q: Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic…
A: Genetics is the study of how traits are passed from one generation to another. This includes but is…
Q: How does a eukaryotic ribosome select its start codon? Describe the sequences in eukaryotic mRNAs…
A: The biological mechanism by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes is known…
Q: Consider the following wild-type and mutant sequences:Wild-type ....CTTGCAAGCGAATC....Mutant…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biomolecule found in nearly all living organisms. The structure of…
Q: Geneticists have found that when they cut out a eukaryotic gene from genomic DNA that they can…
A: Splicing The removal of introns (non coding part of gene) from pre mature RNA.
Q: The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the…
A: Transcription is a process of formation of transcript or RNA from DNA by the process of…
Q: In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been found to have a circular arrangement in which proteins hold the…
A: In the context of cell biology, the rate of mRNA translation into cellular proteins called…
Q: Genetically engineered mRNAs that code for a stretch of basic residues, such as poly(Lys), induce…
A: Genetics is the branch of biology, which deals with the study of genes, their pattern of…
Q: What does it mean when we say that the genetic code is degenerate? Discuss the universality of the…
A: The genetic code is a system of triple letter codons that are made up of a combination of the…
Q: In prokaryotic protein synthesis, formylmethionine (fmet) is the first amino acid incorporated,…
A: Methionine which is a central molecule in one-carbon metabolism is an essential amino acid needed…
Q: What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?
A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It can be genetic…
Q: A eukaryotic cell carrying out transcription and RNA processing is incubated with 32P-labeled ATP.…
A: Introduction: The process in which RNA is synthesized from DNA is known as transcription. Therefore,…
Q: What naturally found amino acyl tRNA synthetase can be used to attach 2-aminobutyric acid to a tRNA?…
A: Higher living beings vary in their ability to synthesize the 20 common amino acids. Most bacteria…
Q: Why can the genetic code be qualified as a “degenerate code”?
A: The genetic code is referred as the nucleotide sequence of nitrogenous base, which specifies the…
Q: Why Eukaryotic mRNAs Require MoreProcessing than Prokaryotic mRNAs?
A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…
Q: Do you think that the alternate splicing of exons may enable a structural gene to code for several…
A: Alternative splicing is a basic regulatory process of gene expression. This process is very…
Q: Human wildtype and mutant alleles are identical in sequence except for a single base-pair…
A: A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. It may alter one or a few base pairs or…
Q: Could two mRNAs have different nucleotide sequences and yet code for the same protein? Explain.
A: mRNA brings information from the DNA for the formation of particular type of polypeptide. Therefore,…
Q: Introns in protein-coding genes of some eukaryotes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides long. What…
A: Unconstrained DNA sequence which are those sequences whose evolution is unaffected by selection are…
Q: Suppose that codons consisted of 4 nucleotides instead of 3 and that there were only 2 different…
A:
Q: How do prokaryotic cells overcome the problem of a stalled ribosome on an mRNA that has no…
A: Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a…
Q: We have a eukaryotic full-length mRNA molecule consisting of 33 bp 5ʹ -...…
A: The mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) is a messenger molecule produced through the process of…
Q: Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes?
A: Transcription and translation are two different processes that are essential for cellular…
Q: Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic…
A: The amino acid sequence of proteins is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic…
Q: Why is wobble tolerated in the third position of the codon but not in the first two?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) carries genetic information required for the survival of living organisms…
Q: Predict the amino acid sequence produced during translation by the following short hypothetical mRNA…
A: The alteration in the sequence of nucleotides of the genome of an organism is called a mutation.…
Q: Methionine is used as the first amino acid for a particular polypeptide, but it is removed during…
A: The synthesis of proteins from the m RNA is called translation.
Q: Geneticists have found that when they cut out a eukaryotic gene from genomic DNA that they can…
A: DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand serves as a template for transcription at any given…
Q: Explain why a minimum of 32 tRNAs are required to translate the “standard” genetic code.
A: Genetic code is considered degenerate, where several amino acids are encoded by more than just one…
Q: The images shown depict the initiation and elongation steps in protein translation. Arrange the…
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Q: Why RNase H cannot remove all the RNA residue from Okazaki fragments to form a lagging strand?…
A: Ribonuclease H RNase H is a non-sequence-specific endonuclease enzyme. This enzyme catalyzes the…
Q: Why is it necessary for an in silico translation tool to provide 6 different frames of the…
A: The open reading frame or the ORF is the gene region that can get translated by the translational…
Q: Are the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs encoded by sequences in the promoter,…
A: The 5′ UTR is located in the first exon of the gene.
Q: As we focused on the genetic code and the transcription of genetic information stored in DNA into…
A: Introduction: Splicing is a process where non-coding sequences of an m-RNA is removed from the…
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- Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron. How long in bases will the pre mRNA transcript be? Explain briefly. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could make up the protein product from the final mRNA? Explain briefly.Codons 24 to 66 represent an intron. At what point in the process of protein synthesis are introns removed? What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing them?Shown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic messenger RNA with DNA from a genomic clone containing the full-length gene corresponding to the mRNA. (a) How many exons does the gene contain? How many introns? (b) Where in this structure would you expect to find a 5′,5′-internucleotide bond? Where would you expect to find a polyadenylic acid sequence?
- Are the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs encoded by sequences in the promoter, exon, or intron of the gene? Explain your answer.What is the sequence of bases in the template strand of DNA that codes for the mRNA in Problem?For a DNA template strand containing the sequence 3'AATTGGCC 5', what is the sequence of nucleotides from the 5' to the 3' end in the mRNA transcript?
- explain why a mutation in the dna nucleotide sequence that corresponds to the 3rd nitrogen base in the mrna codon is not as serious as a mutation in the dna that corresponds to the first nitrogen base in the mrna codonIt is possible for the codons for a single amino acid to have the first two bases in common and to differ in the third base. Why is this experimental observation consistent with the concept of wobble?What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?
- The mRNA formed from the repeating tetranucleotide UUACincorporates only three amino acids, but the use of UAUC incorporates four amino acids. Why?Explain why the translation of a given mRNA can be inhibited by a segment of its complementary sequence, a so-called antisense RNA.A eukaryotic cell carrying out transcription and RNA processing is incubated with 32P-labeled ATP. Where will the radioactive isotope appear in mature mRNA if the ATP is labeled at the (a) α position, (b) β position, and (c) γ position?