As we focused on the genetic code and the transcription of genetic information stored in DNA into complementary RNA molecules. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions: Question: How do we know that the initial transcript of a eukaryotic gene contains noncoding sequences that must be removed before accurate translation into proteins can occur?

As we focused on the genetic code and the transcription of genetic information stored in DNA into complementary RNA molecules. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions: Question: How do we know that the initial transcript of a eukaryotic gene contains noncoding sequences that must be removed before accurate translation into proteins can occur?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter11: Genome Alterations: Mutation And Epigenetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10QP: If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense...

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As we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this informationwas acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,what answers would you propose to the following fundamentalquestion What experimental information verifies that certain codonsin mRNA specify chain termination during translation?
Why did geneticists believe, even before direct experimental evidence was obtained, that the genetic code would turn out to be composed of triplet sequences and be non-overlapping?Experimentally, how were these suppositions shown to be correct?
Given the following mRNA transcript: 5’-UUUGGCAUGGGUAUCGUAGAGAUGGAAUUCAUAGUGGAGUAA-3’ What is the one-letter abbreviation of the protein product of the mRNA transcript?
What three different types of mutations involve changes in a single base, and what effect can each of them have on a coding sequence? Which type is the most common? Which type has the most severe effect on the function of the encoded protein?
Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron. How long in bases will the pre mRNA transcript be? Explain briefly. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could make up the protein product from the final mRNA? Explain briefly.
What is an Okazaki fragment, and how are they later “glued” together? What are the types and major functions for each type of RNA? Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first to make protein from DNA? In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA? What mRNA sequence is synthesized from a section of DNA that is 3’-TTGACCT-5’?
In EUKARYOTIC translation, how does initiation of translation occur? a) What components of the mature mRNA are involved (2 components) and b) what proteins are involved (at least 2 proteins)?
in the human gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin, the first 30 nucleotides in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence 3'TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of hemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.
The template strand of a double helical segment of DNA consists of the following sequence: 5’-GTAGCCTTAAGCGATCACCGTCCGTATTACTAGTGGCCAGACTCTTTTCACTCTCATGTATAGTTG-3’ Following translation process, what is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for? (show your answer using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus)
What is the biological significance of the extensive degeneracy of the genetic code?
The template strand of a double helical segment of DNA consists of the following sequence: 5’-GTAGCCTTAAGCGATCACCGTCCGTATTACTAGTGGCCAGACTCTTTTCACTCTCATGTATAGTTG-3’ Following translation process, what is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for? (show your answer using ONE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus)
The length of a particular gene in human DNA, measured from the start site for transcription to the end of the protein-coding region, is 10,000 nucleotides, whereas the length of the mRNA produced from this gene is 4000 nucleotides. What is the most likely reason for this difference?