Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acety COA yet carbons of acetyl COA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Show pathways as to how this can happen
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- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.Mammals cannot undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl-CoA, but the carbons of acetyl-CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Present pathways by which this could come about.Explain why the carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids yielding acetyl-CoA only cannot be converted into glucose.
- In the mitochondrion is a short-chain carnitineacyltransferase that can take acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA and transfer them to carnitine. How might this be related to lipid biosynthesis?The acetyl-CoA molecule has three carbon atoms. is this statement true or false?Three metabolites that can result from the breakdown of the carbon skeleton of amino acids are ketone bodies, acetyl-CoA, and glucose. Briefly describe how each of these metabolites can be produced from amino acid catabolism.
- The sources of the three (3) carbons in malonyl-Coa is/are: a. 1 C from C02 and 2 C from acetyl-CoA b. 1 C from HCO3- and 2 C from acetyl-CoA c. 1 C from biotin and 2 C from acetyl-CoA d. All three C from acetyl-CoAIn the pyruvae dehydrogensae complex, acetyl-coa is released by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase activity. What is the purpose of the following enzymatic activity.Not all of the acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA because some are used in the? a.ß-oxidation cycles b.production of ATP c.priming step of the fatty acid biosynthesis d.conversion to pyruvate
- Fourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?Cholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis share the first few reactions after which the pathways deviate. Provide a schematic presentation showing the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA and where cholesterol synthesis deviates from this pathway (first intermediate that differs between the two pathways).In the glyoxylate cycle, two molecules of acetyl-CoA areconverted into _______________ and malate.