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I really dont understand this one I hope you can help me with this. Thank you so much. It has a 10 blanks.
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- What would be the effect of the Glucagon initiated cascade on inhibition of ATP Synthase by IF1? Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells correlates to an enhanced expression of IF1. What would be the effect on the TCA? Why might that lead to lactoacidosis?So for route 1, when OAA decarboxylated to PEP. Are the can immediately converted to pyruvate by enzyme pyruvate kinase or they go completely the gluconeogenesis to product the glucose, and the that glucose break down to pyruvate through glycolysis?Consider an alternative glycolysis pathway that starts with the phosphorylation of glucose to give glucose-6-phosphate. This (hypothetical) pathway exists in a (hypothetical) organism that does not express glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. Instead, the next step of this hypothetical pathway is a Glucose-6-Phosphate Aldolase. Draw the product or products that would be obtain by the reaction of Glucose – 6 – Phosphate with Glucose – 6 Phosphate Aldolase. Assume the reaction is completely irreversible. Explain in 1-3 sentences how you obtained your answer
- If glucokinase has a higher Km for glucose than does hexokinase, but can only bind to D-glucose, while hexokinase can bind to several hexose sugars (like D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-fructose), then: glucokinase has both a higher affinity and a higher specificity for D-glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has both a lower affinity and a lower specificity for D-glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a higher affinity but a lower specificity for D-glucose than does hexokinase glucokinase has a lower affinity but a higher specificity for D-glucose than does hexokinase all of the aboveDuring strenuous activity, the demand for ATP in muscle tissue is vastly increased. In rabbit leg muscle or turkey flight muscle, the ATP isproduced almost exclusively by lactic acid fermentation. ATP is formed in the payoff phase of glycolysis by two reactions, promoted by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. Suppose skeletal muscle were devoid of lactate dehydrogenase. Could it carry out strenuous physical activity; that is, could it generate ATP at a high rate by glycolysis? Explain.c) Cooperation between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is important to ensure the glucose-subjected energy demands of specific cells are met. Explain this statement.
- Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated primarily at the hormonal level. However, important nonhormonal mechanisms also control the rates of synthesis and mobilization. Describe these nonhormonal regulatory processes.Concerning the reciprocal regulation of phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the liver, which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply A.The default activity of the cell favors activity of phosphofructokinase-2 being activated, generating fructose-2,6-bisphosphate that serves as a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase B.Glucagon binding ensures that the levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate drop within the liver cell C.In the presence of ATP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, phosphofructokinase will be fully inhibited and glycolysis turned off D.High levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate signals for activation of gluconeogenesis and inhibition of glycolysis E.Glucagon binding to the liver cell activates a phosphorylation cascade that inhibits activity of phosphofructokinase-2 and activates fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase F.Glucagon binding activates glycolysis as it signals high blood sugar levelsIn angiogenic endothelial cells, pyruvate is converted to lactate (generating 2 ATP per glucose) rather than being completely oxidized (which would generate ~32 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation). Explain why angiogenic cells generate ATP anaerobically.
- Xylulose-5-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway (see Figure). As xylulose-5-phosphate levels rise in response to excess glucose shunting through the pentose phosphate pathway, does flux through glycolysis increase or decrease?Under FASTING state, how do the hormonal changes bring about the effect to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body through the pathways of GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLYCOGENOLYSIS and GLYCOGENESIS? (Please describe the signaling pathways in detail. )1. Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are reciprocally regulated by a. NADPH b. AMP c. glucose-1-phosphate d. oxaloacetate e. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 2. The enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that show reciprocal, allosteric regulation by citrate are a. Glucose-6-phosphatase b. lactate dehydrogenase c. Hexokinase d. phosphofructokinase-1 and Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase-1 I'm studying for practice problems but teacher is not providing solution until right before the exam so I need your help