If glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is active, calculate the number of ATP produced from the complete oxidation of: a. cerotic acid b. heptadecanoic acid c. palmitoleic acid

Q: What is gluconeogenesis? Compare glycogenesis with glycogenolysis.

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain…

Q: What is the input material for the citric acid cycle, and other than energy carriers what are the…

A: Citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle takes place inside the mitochondria matrix.

Q: How many moles of ATP can be synthesized from ADP using the 500. Calories ingested during a…

A: 7300 calories energy will be released, when 1 mole of ATP is converted to 1 mole of ADP. Thus to…

Q: The carbon dioxide you breathe out comes from A. glycolysis. B. the electron-transport chain. C.…

A: This biochemical reaction occurs inside human bodies are mainly sugars, carbohydrates, fats and…

Q: What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

A: chemical reaction for cellular respiration :

Q: QUESTION 22 Identify the INCORRECT statement concerning the urea cycle. One nitrogen atom in urea…

A: Urea cycle: It starts with the formation of carbamoyl phosphate by the coupling between bicarbonate…

Q: cycles

A: AsUrea and citric acid cycles both are different but one compound known as  Fumarate  is comman in…

Q: What types of reactions are involved in glycolysis?

A: Glycolysis is the process of the metabolism of glucose molecules.

Q: From what you learned about monosaccharides in Chapter 20and phosphates in Chapter 23 : (a) Draw the…

A: Monosachharide are the simplest sugar and is termed as the most basic unit of carbohydrate. Examples…

Q: 17. In the urea cycle, , ions are converted to urea. a. pyruvate b. sodium C. ammonium O d.…

A: Human beings ingest nitrogen through food which is then excreted as urea. This pathway which…

Q: Which reaction links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? a. How is the reaction catalyzed?

A: The simple answer to the asked question is the name of the enzyme through which the citric acid…

Q: In the deficiency referred to in question 40, a deficiency of the form of develops which makes the…

A: Glutathione is used as antioxidant and helps in balancing of the free radicals in the cells and thus…

Q: How many molecules of NADH are formed from the b-oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid?

A: Fatty Acids: Acids that have the long chain of carboxylic acids with presence of double or triple…

Q: why is glycogen production activated in the liver during Fed and not fasting pathways?.

A: Answer - According to the question - In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells…

Q: What

A: We have to tell the type of reaction

Q: Which of the eight enzymes in the citric acid cycle has a name that refers to the reverse reaction?…

A: The citric acid cycle involves 8 enzymes and are listed as follows, Citrate synthetase - Catalyze…

Q: NAD+ and FAD+ are?

A: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)+ and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)+ are coenzymes…

Q: How many ATP molecules (not including GTP molecules) does a liver cell spend to make one glucose…

A: It spend two ATP molecules which form ADP molecule.

Q: Compute the ATP produced by each coenzymes in the Electron transport chain.

A: The enzymes which cannot catalyzed by themselves in a reaction, but they can help the other enzymes…

Q: 1. In which steps are ATP produced in glycolysis and how many ATPs are produced in the glycolysis of…

A: Hey, since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you.  If you want…

Q: Name the coenzymes that provide a strong base.

A:

Q: Considering the individual steps in glycolysis: a. Which steps form ATP? b. Which steps use ATP? c.…

A: (a) In glycolysis, 1,3-bisphospho glycerate is converted into 3-phosphoglycerate. It is the 7th step…

Q: What are the four stages of metabolism?

A: The four stages of cellular metabolism are : 1) Glycolysis 2) Transition reaction 3) The Kreb's…

Q: Question 6 Which of the following is not an intermediate of the citric acid cycle? O Acetoacetate…

A: Citric acid cycle is also known as TCA or Kreb’s cycle; this is a set of chemical reactions taking…

Q: Describe the energy output, initial substrates, and end products of the glycolysis process.

A: Glycolysis is the aerobic catabolic breakdown of glucose which breaks down into carbon compounds and…

Q: QUESTION 35 Assuming the system gets 3 ATP per NADH and 2 per FADH2, how many ATP molecules are…

A: Glycolysis is the biological process of breaking glucose and it leads to the pyruvate formed at the…

Q: Show how the ATP is computed in the glycolysis process.

A: In this step, glycolysis, one molecule of glucose ends up with 2 pyruvate molecule, 2 reduced NAD,…

Q: How elongation of fatty acids is performed in mitochondria ?

A: In the mitochondria, fatty acid is elongated through reversal of β-oxidation.

Q: I only need letter D and E   SOURCE: GENERAL, ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY by Smith 4th Edition

A: Generally the number of cycles that are needed for the complete β-oxidation of a fatty acid is…

Q: What functional group of isocitrate is oxidized in the third reaction of the citric acid cycle?

A: Citric acid cycle involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl group…

Q: Glucagon secretion increases (A) After a carbohydrate-rich meal (B) After a fat-rich meal (C) When…

A: we need to select the correct statement for glucagon secretion

Q: Which reaction links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A: Glycolysis is the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of…

Q: Fill in the following chart with the numbers of each molecule that are produced. Pathway…

A: ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate. It is also known as the energy currency of the cell and is…

Q: What is the most important energy currency used by cells?

A: The most important energy currency used by cells is:

Q: Are biosynthetic pathways likely to involveinvolve oxidation, like the common catabolic pathway or…

A: The process of formation of larger organic compounds from the small subunits with the living…

Q: Discuss why there is variation in the number of ATP molecules produced per glucose.

A:

Q: hw10 #8

A: NAD+ is essential in regulation of cellular processes .  It helps in metabolism by converting…

Q: In the common catabolic pathway, a number of important molecules act as carriers ( transfer agents).…

A: (a)

Q: How many moledule of ATP can form from the break down of 1 molecule of gluose under aerobic…

A: There are two types of glycolysis -aerobic and anaerobic.

Q: The citric acid cycle converts two-carbon units into . In this pathway, carbons undergo (choose:…

A: The citric acid cycle converts two carbon acetyl CoA units into Citric acid. In this pathway carbons…

Q: What types of food ultimately provide energy for the cells? (Select all that apply.)   fats…

A: When we talk about the energy the cells needs the energy would be stored in the form of chemical…

Q: How many ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

A: ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis is

Q: Name the coenzymes that are oxidizing agents.

A: Vitamins are essential in small amounts for proper functioning of a body that it cannot synthesise…

Q: What is the key chemical reaction that is found in the first stage of metabolism?

A: Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical reactions that are involved in catabolism and…

Q: SOURCE: GENERAL, ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY by Smith 4th Edition

A: Cellular respiration is using food to generate ATP, and chemical cell uses ATP for energy. Aerobic…

Q: Energy from the breakdown of citrate (formed from acetyl groups) is captured by what compound in…

A: Given cycle,            Citric acid cycle. In the citric acid cycle, there are 8 steps involved.

Q: what is produced by cellular respiration? oxygen sugars carbon dioxide, water, and energy oxygen and…

A: Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces energy along with…

Q: 2. The stomach is the only part of the alimentary canal with three muscular layers. Why does the…

A: The three layers of smooth muscle consist of the outer longitudinal, the middle circular, and the…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,