In order to use the pre-equilibrium approximation which of the following must be TRUE? Select one or more: O a. The concentration of the intermediate is replenished quickly during the reaction b. The concentration of the intermediate is constant throughout the reaction c. Intermediates and products exist in dynamic equilibrium. d. No intermediate forms e. Reactants and products are in dynamic equilibrium f. Reactants and intermediates are in dynamic equilibrium g. Products are slowly formed from the reactants h. Reactants are slowly made into intermediates

In order to use the pre-equilibrium approximation which of the following must be TRUE? Select one or more: O a. The concentration of the intermediate is replenished quickly during the reaction b. The concentration of the intermediate is constant throughout the reaction c. Intermediates and products exist in dynamic equilibrium. d. No intermediate forms e. Reactants and products are in dynamic equilibrium f. Reactants and intermediates are in dynamic equilibrium g. Products are slowly formed from the reactants h. Reactants are slowly made into intermediates

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781133109655

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 39A

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. Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following heterogeneous equilibria. a. 4Al(s)+3O2(g)2Al2O3(s)b. NH3(g)+HCl(g)NH4Cl(s)C. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)
Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of the equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq)AgCl(s); some Ag+ is removed. b. 2HI(g)+heatH2(g)+I2(g); the system is heated. c. 6Cu(s)+N2(g)+heat2Cu3N(s); the system is cooled and some N2 is removed.
What is Le Chteliers principle? Consider the reaction 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur? a. NOCI(g) is added. b. NO(g) is added. c. NOCI(g) is removed. d. Cl2(g) is removed. e. The container volume is decreased. For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position. In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.