LF Bank has 3 tellers serving customers through a shared line where the next customer in line goes to the first available teller. Each teller can serve 30 customers per hour with exponential service times and the customers arrive at a rate of 74 per hour, according to a Poisson distribution. On average, how many customers are in the system? (Note: carry all your results to at least 4 decimal places) Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.
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- During nearly four decades of business operations, Memphis-based FedEx has earned a reputation for reliable, on-time delivery of packages to homes and offices around the country. Founder Fred Smith originally focused on overnight deliveries, choosing Memphis as the company’s headquarters because the airport rarely closes due to bad weather. With FedEx’s planes departing and arriving on schedule nearly all the time, its express shipments usually remained on schedule, then and now. To reassure customers that delivery will take place when and where promised, the firm offers a money-back guarantee on time-sensitive express shipments, among other services. FedEx has steadily expanded its portfolio of services since the 1970s. Its original overnight express delivery is currently available to U.S. customers in various forms, including “first-overnight” delivery, next-morning delivery, next-afternoon delivery, and budget-pleasing two- or three-day delivery. The company’s services also include cost-effective ground delivery for parcels and extra-speedy same-day delivery for urgent deliveries within 1,800 cities. Over the years, FedEx has widened its delivery network to more than 220 countries. It has purchased more cargo jets and acquired specialized shipping firms, including Tiger International, Roberts Express, RPS, and TNT Express, to support global growth. For international business customers needing products, parts, or raw materials shipped across countries or continents, the company now offers time-saving services such as commercial freight forwarding and cross-border logistical support. To add the convenience of local drop-off and pickup points for U.S. consumers and small businesses, FedEx acquired the Kinko’s office services company in 2004 and later rebranded it as FedEx Office. This acquisition also added printing and copying to the menu of services offered. Then the company arranged for large U.S. retailers such as Walgreens, Albertsons, Kroger, and Safeway to accept packages for shipment and receive package delivery for customer pickup in thousands of store locations. This means people who want to send a package can head to a nearby retailer and ship where they shop, rather than making a separate trip to the FedEx location. It’s also a safe alternative for packages to be picked up by people who don’t want FedEx shipments left by the front door. Another service FedEx offers to small and mid-sized businesses, including retailers, is FedEx Fulfillment. The purpose is to expedite order fulfillment by having each business store its products in a FedEx warehouse. Then, when the business’s customers place orders, FedEx puts the products into boxes bearing the business’s own logo and ships directly to those customers. The business doesn’t need a separate warehouse or staff for fulfillment, and packages are on their way to customers more quickly because the products were in FedEx’s warehouse, ready to be packed and shipped. This service puts FedEx into direct competition with Amazon.com, which offers a similar service to merchants that sell through the online Amazon Marketplace. But it also gives businesses that don’t sell via Amazon a fast and professional fulfillment alternative. FedEx is careful to let customers know, through media and social-media announcements, when it anticipates that extreme weather or other conditions will cause delays or force it to halt pickups and deliveries. For the duration of Hurricane Irma, for example, FedEx said it would suspend deliveries in Florida. Some Florida customers who had ordered generators to be delivered via FedEx were unhappy, because they worried about being without power during and after the storm. But one FedEx employee loaded several generator orders into his car and took them to customers himself. When a customer posted a grateful compliment to FedEx on Facebook, the message generated thousands of likes, shares, and positive comments. The company also received positive comments for its donations of cash and transportation services to areas devastated by Hurricanes Irma, Harvey, and Maria. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), FedEx often tops the list of U.S. shipping companies as ranked by customers surveyed. Every day, the company delivers 13 million packages—and during the busy year-end holiday season, it delivers many more. By meeting customers’ expectations for on-time deliveries, FedEx has increased annual revenues beyond $60 billion and positioned itself for continued growth in the future. How does FedEx’s money-back guarantee address customers’ concerns about heterogeneity?The Minute Stop Market has one pump for gasoline, which can service 10 customers per hour (Poisson distrib-uted). Cars arrive at the pump at a rate of 5 per hour (Poisson distributed). a. Determine the average queue length, the average time acar is in the system, and the average time a car must wait.b. If, during the period from 4:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., thearrival rate increases to 12 cars per hour, what will bethe effect on the average queue length?Doña Blanca plans to open a small car wash and must decide how much space to allocate to waiting cars. She estimates that customers will arrive randomly (Poisson process) at an average rate of 1 every 4 minutes, unless the waiting area is full, in which case the arriving customers will take their car elsewhere. The total time attributable to washing a car has exponential distribution with mean 3 minutes. Compare the fraction of potential customers lost due to lack of waiting space if a) 2 and b) 4 spaces (in addition to the wash location) are provided.
- During the early morning hours, customers arrive at a branch post office at an average rate of 45 per hour (Poisson), while clerks can handle transactions in an average time (exponential) of 4 minutes each. Find: (a) The average number of customers waiting for service if 5 clerks are used. (b) The minimum number of clerks needed to keep the average waiting time in the system to under 5 minutes. (c) If clerk cost is $40 per hour and customer waiting time represents a “cost” of $30 per hour, how many clerks can be justified on a cost basis? Please show work.An ofi ce employs several clerks who create documents and one operator who entersthe document information in a computer system. The group creates documents at a rateof 25 per hour. The operator can enter the information with an average exponentiallydistributed time of two minutes. Assume the population is ini nite, arrivals are Poisson,and queue length is ini nite with FCFS discipline.a. Calculate the percentage utilization of the operator.b. Calculate the average number of documents in the system.c. Calculate the average time in the system.d. Calculate the probability of four or more documents being in the system.e. If another clerk were added, the document origination rate would increase to 30 perhour. What would the expected average number of documents in the system become?Show why.A study-aid desk staffed by a graduate student has been established to answer students’questions and help in working problems in your OSCM course. The desk is staffed eighthours per day. The dean wants to know how the facility is working. Statistics show thatstudents arrive at a rate of four per hour and the distribution is approximately Poisson.Assistance time averages 10 minutes, distributed exponentially. Assume population andline length can be ini nite and queue discipline is FCFS.Before a test, the arrival of students increases to six per hour on the average. What willthe new average line length be?
- Neve Commercial Bank is the only bank in the town of York, Pennsylvania. On a typical Friday, an average of 10 customers per hour arrive at the bank to transact business. There is currently one teller at the bank, and the average time required to transact business is 4 minutes. It is assumed that service times may be described by the negative exponential distribution. If asingle teller is used, find:a) The average time in the line.b) The average number in the line.c) The average time in the system.d) The average number in the system.e) The probability that the bank is empty.f)CEO Benjamin Neve is considering adding a second teller (who would work at the same rate as the first) to reduce the waiting time for customers. A single line would be used, and the customer at the front of the line would go to the first available bank teller. He assumes that this will cut the waiting time in half. If a second teller is added, find the new answers to parts (a) to (e).Neve Commercial Bank is the only bank in the town of York, Pennsylvania. On a typical Friday, an average of 10 customers per hour arrive at the bank to transact business. There is currently one teller at the bank, and the average time required to transact business is 4 minutes. It is assumed that service times may be described by the negative exponential distribution. If asingle teller is used, find:a) The average time in the line.b) The average number in the line.c) The average time in the system.d) The average number in the system.e) The probability that the bank is empty.CEO Benjamin Neve is considering adding a second teller (who would work at the same rate as the first) to reduce the waiting time for customers. A single line would be used, and the customer at the front of the line would go to the first available bank teller. He assumes that this will cut the waiting time in half. If a second teller is added, find the new answers to parts (a) to (e).Marty's Barber Shop has one barber. Customers have an arrival rate of 2.2 customers per hour, and haircuts are given with a service rate of 4 per hour. Use the Poisson arrivals and exponential service times model to answer the following questions: What is the probability that no units are in the system? If required, round your answer to four decimal places.P0 = fill in the blank 1 What is the probability that one customer is receiving a haircut and no one is waiting? If required, round your answer to four decimal places.P1 = fill in the blank 2 What is the probability that one customer is receiving a haircut and one customer is waiting? If required, round your answer to four decimal places.P2 = fill in the blank 3
- In an M/M/1 queueing system, the arrival rate is 5 customers per hour and the service rate is 7 customers per hour. What is the utilization? Note: Round your answer to 3 decimal places. What is the expected number of customers in the system (L)? Note: Round your answer to 3 decimal places. What is the expected waiting time in the system (W)? Note: Express the waiting time in hours, round your answer to 3 decimal places. What is the expected number of customers in the queue(Lq)? Note: Round your answer to 3 decimal places. What is the expected waiting time in the queue(Wq)?4.) The DMV Licensing office has a single line for customers waiting for the next available clerk. There are two clerks who work at the same rate. On average customers arrive every 8 minutes and the average service rate is 5 per hour for each of the two clerks. The arrival rate of customers follows a Poisson distribution, while the service time follows an exponential distribution. a.) What percentage of the total available service time is being used? b.) Due to Covid restrictions, only two customers are allowed in the office at the same time. What percent of the time will there be customers waiting outside?Neve Commercial Bank is the only bank in the town of York, Pennsylvania. On a typical Friday, an average of 10 customers per hour arrive at the bank to transact business. There is currently one teller at the bank, and the average time required to transact business if 4 minutes. It is assumed that service times may be described by the negative exponential distribution. If a single teller is used, find: 1. The average time in line 2. The average number in the line 3. The average time in the system 4. The average number in the system 5. The probability that the bank is empty 6. CEO Benjamin Neve is considering a second teller (who would work at the same rate as the first) to reduce waiting time for customers. A single line would be used, and the customer at the front of the line would go to the first available bank teller. He assumes that this will cut the waiting line in half. If the second teller is added, find the new answers to #1 through 6.
