Listed below are five amino acids. Use the genetic code to determine the exact codon for each amino acid. A point mutation at the genetic level in each codon results in the change indicated. For each mutation, indicate whether it is due to a transition or a transversion, and then indicate the effect of each mutation at the protein (amino acid level) (i.e. silent, nonsense, missense). In addition, Please note, each of the three lines above an amino acid represents a single RNA base. For example, when you look at the codon chart AUG would stand for Met (methionine) Lys Glu lle 4 Stop Ile Mutation 1: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 2: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 3: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 4. 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence.

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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Listed below are five amino acids. Use the genetic code to determine the exact codon for each amino acid. A
point mutation at the genetic level in each codon results in the change indicated. For each mutation, indicate
whether it is due to a transition or a transversion, and then indicate the effect of each mutation at the protein
(amino acid level) (i.e. silent, nonsense, missense). In addition, Please note, each of the three lines above an
amino acid represents a single RNA base. For example, when you look at the codon chart AUG would stand
for Met (methionine)
Lys
2
1
Glu
Ile
4
Stop
Ile
Mutation 1:
1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion
2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the
protein sequence.
Mutation 2:
1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion
2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the
protein sequence.
Mutation 3:
1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion
2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the
protein sequence.
Mutation 4.
1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion
2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the
protein sequence.
3.
Transcribed Image Text:Listed below are five amino acids. Use the genetic code to determine the exact codon for each amino acid. A point mutation at the genetic level in each codon results in the change indicated. For each mutation, indicate whether it is due to a transition or a transversion, and then indicate the effect of each mutation at the protein (amino acid level) (i.e. silent, nonsense, missense). In addition, Please note, each of the three lines above an amino acid represents a single RNA base. For example, when you look at the codon chart AUG would stand for Met (methionine) Lys 2 1 Glu Ile 4 Stop Ile Mutation 1: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 2: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 3: 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. Mutation 4. 1. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation is a transition/transversion 2. Circle the appropriate answer: This mutation results in a missense/silent/nonsense mutation in the protein sequence. 3.
You are a genetic counselor and a couple has come to you for advice. They have a family history of
cancer and are concerned that their unborn third child will also get cancer. They provide you with
the following pedigrees for two different traits relating to defects in the enzymes separase and
topoisomerase:
А.
Separase
defect
В.
Topoisomerase
defect
2
3
4
1
3
4
7
8
9.
10
5
6.
7
8
9.
10
11
12
13
11
12
13
14
15
14
15
These two pedigrees represent the same family. Genetic testing shows that individual 4 has only
nonmutant alleles of both genes and individual 12 has only mutant alleles of both genes. Individuals
6, 8, 9, 12, and 14 have cancer. The couple just recently learned that their daughter (individual 14)
has cancer and has both mutations. In this lab activity, you will use Punnett squares to determine
the probability that the couple's third unborn child will also inherit both mutations and be at risk
for developing cancer.
.Using Punnett squares, determine the phenotypes of offspring that the following parents could
produce. For some situations, there could be more than one genotype for at least one of the parents.
In these cases, be sure to include Punnett squares for all possibilities, and give the probablilty that
their third unborn child may be at risk for developing cancer.
1. An autosomal recessive trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father.
2. An autosomal dominant trait with an affected mother and an unaffected father.
3. An X-linked recessive trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father.
4. An X-linked dominant trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father.
Transcribed Image Text:You are a genetic counselor and a couple has come to you for advice. They have a family history of cancer and are concerned that their unborn third child will also get cancer. They provide you with the following pedigrees for two different traits relating to defects in the enzymes separase and topoisomerase: А. Separase defect В. Topoisomerase defect 2 3 4 1 3 4 7 8 9. 10 5 6. 7 8 9. 10 11 12 13 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 These two pedigrees represent the same family. Genetic testing shows that individual 4 has only nonmutant alleles of both genes and individual 12 has only mutant alleles of both genes. Individuals 6, 8, 9, 12, and 14 have cancer. The couple just recently learned that their daughter (individual 14) has cancer and has both mutations. In this lab activity, you will use Punnett squares to determine the probability that the couple's third unborn child will also inherit both mutations and be at risk for developing cancer. .Using Punnett squares, determine the phenotypes of offspring that the following parents could produce. For some situations, there could be more than one genotype for at least one of the parents. In these cases, be sure to include Punnett squares for all possibilities, and give the probablilty that their third unborn child may be at risk for developing cancer. 1. An autosomal recessive trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father. 2. An autosomal dominant trait with an affected mother and an unaffected father. 3. An X-linked recessive trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father. 4. An X-linked dominant trait with an unaffected mother and an affected father.
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Introduction

The genetic code dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins through the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA.

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