Many patients become resistant to HIV protease inhibitors with the passage of time, owing to mutations in the HIV gene that encodes the protease. Mutations are not found in the aspartate residue that interacts with the drugs. Why not?
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Many patients become resistant to HIV protease inhibitors with the passage of time, owing to mutations in the HIV gene that encodes the protease. Mutations are not found in the aspartate residue that interacts with the drugs. Why not?
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- HIV requires an enzyme called ______________ to convert its RNA genome to a DNA version. Why is this enzyme a particularly good target for anti-AIDS drugs?Two possible point mutations are the substitution of lysine for leucine or the substitution of serine for threonine. Which is likely to be more serious and why?The first successful drug trial to reduce concentrations of huntingtin in the brain used single stranded DNA molecules. Suggest and explain how this drug could cause a reduction in the concentration of the protein huntingtin.
- AZT (zidovudine) inhibits the synthesis of the HIV virus RNA because AZT resembles substrate molecules. Which kind of inhibition is most likely taking place in this reaction?: Which types of mutations among those you created in this activity, are more likely to be lethal? Why?Pol II is active when its tail is phosphorylated. Which of the following amino acids is present in the tail that gets phosphorylated? a. Tryptophan b. Cysteine c. Serine d. Tyrosine
- The bacteria E Coli uses the Trp operon to control its production of tryptophan-producing enzymes. Describe the steps that occur, starting from the bacteria coming in contact with tryptophan to the bacteria producing tryptophan producing enzymes.The structure of a prodrug used for treating people with HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS is shown below. This molecule is a precursor of a protease inhibitor that competitively inhibits HIV protease due to its resemblance to the proteolytic site of the enzyme. Which process in the viral life cycle does this inhibitor target directly ? Group of answer choices a. viral protein processing for making new viruses b. viral mRNA synthesis c. viral DNA integration into the host cell DNA d. viral DNA synthesisIn the Avery experiment, mice were killed if they injected with S strain cells. Furthermore, incubation with extract from dead S strain cells could transform non pathogenic cells into pathogenic cells. This effect of S strain extract was eliminated if S strain extract is treated with what enzyme before incubation with non-pathogenic cells? protease DNAse RNAse Lipase
- A nonsense mutation is a mutation that creates a premature stop codon in the protein sequence. Based on our previous discussions on mutations and how they alter protein-coding sequences, explain how a nonsense mutation can lead to disease onset.Tenofovir, an analog of adenosine monophosphate, is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. Atazanavir, also used to treat HIV infection, is a protease inhibitor. Approximately 1 in 1,000 virus particles carries a mutation that confers resistance against any given anti-HIV drug. If there are 1010 virus particles circulating in a patient, roughly how many of them would be resistant to both tenofovir and atazanavir? - 104 - 106 - 107 - 5 x 107 - 1010A SNP that results in loss of all catalytic activity of a drug-metabolizing enzyme is most likely to occur in the codon for which of the following amino acids? Valine Phenylalanine Why? Correct Answer: Aspartate