One can find inhibitors of both complex I and of complex IV in the ETC. Why is it that an inhibitor of complex IV is worse for the survival of the organism than an inhibitor of complex I, all other things being equal?
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- I read that vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma), as well as brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia. But my question is what gene(s) are being mutated by this type of taxic gas?Resistance to many penicillins is the result of cell wall mutations in a variety of bacteria. True or false?Explain why mutations of the Arg residue in Gsα that is ADPribosylated by cholera toxin are oncogenic mutations.
- Suppose you have two A-B-type exotoxins, A-B and A-B. A-B binds specifically to neurons and prevents a neuron-specific function, which is essential for nerve pulse transmission. A-B binds specifically to kidney cells and stops protein synthesis. A. What would a hybrid toxin, A-B, do to kidney cells? Provide your rationale. B. What would a hybrid toxin, A-B, do to kidney cells? Provide your rationale. C. What would a hybrid toxin, A-B, do to neurons? Provide your rationale. D. What would a hybrid toxin, A-B, do to neurons? Provide your rationale.Each species of bacteria has its own distinctive cell surface. Thecharacteristics of the cell surface play an important role in processessuch as conjugation and transduction. For example, certainstrains of E. coli have pili on their cell surface. These pili enableE. coli to conjugate with other E. coli and also enable certain bacteriophages (such as M13) to bind to the surface of the E. coli andgain entry into the cytoplasm. With these ideas in mind, explainwhich forms of genetic transfer (i.e., conjugation, transduction,and transformation) are more likely to occur between different speciesof bacteria. Discuss some of the potential consequences ofinterspecies genetic transfer.Proline has a low frequency of occurrence in B-sheets, why?
- Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal anitbody for the prohylaxis of resporatory diseases caused by respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) Researches added palivizumab ( or anitbody 101F as positive control) to RSV prior to incubation with human cells. Based on what you learned about palivizumab what does the data recorded below demonstrate about palivizumab mechanism of action?You are making use of a so called "blender'' to disrupt mammalian cells. You are however worried about the possibility of proteolytic activity. Write down a detailed explanation of how you would try to prevent this.Some people have a genetic predisposition for developing priondiseases. Examples are described in Table 25.6. In the case ofGerstmann-Straüssler-Scheinker disease, the age of onset istypically 30–50 years, and the duration of the disease (whichleads to death) is about 5 years. Suggest a possible explanationwhy someone can live for a relatively long time withoutsymptoms and then succumb to the disease in a relativelyshort time.
- The step in the mechanism of the free radical reaction with the lowest activation energy is the...A. initiationB. terminationC. propagationD. intermediatesE. inhibitionFor a bacterial exotoxin with a typical A-B type toxin structure, removal of the A portion of the toxin would result in which of the following? The B portion remaining would still be able to bind to the target cell, but would not have toxic effects The remaining B portion would enter the cell and carry out its toxic activity, such as ADP-ribosylation The remaining B portion would cause inhibition of protein synthesis Nothing would happen because the A portion is responsible for binding to the target cell. The remaining B portion would still induce cell lysis Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleaseIn the Avery experiment, mice were killed if they injected with S strain cells. Furthermore, incubation with extract from dead S strain cells could transform non pathogenic cells into pathogenic cells. This effect of S strain extract was eliminated if S strain extract is treated with what enzyme before incubation with non-pathogenic cells? protease DNAse RNAse Lipase