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- Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve asthe incumbent tries to break into the market by selling4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what thenew firm’s average cost of producing output would be.If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, howmuch output would the two firms supply to the market?Estimate what would happen to the market price as aresult of the supply of both the incumbent firm andthe new entrant. Approximately how much profit wouldeach firm earn?Isabella runs an IT solutions business for her college peers and has only one competitor, Franco.Isabella and Franco have decided to collude andprovide monopoly-level output. Given that theyare both freshmen and intend to run their businesses for the next three years, is this agreementsustainable? Would your answer change if Francoknew he planned to transfer to another collegenext year?There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously compete
- Firms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?ANS ME ! 1 In a completely serious market, the interaction of section or leave closes when a. Firms are working with abundance limit. b. Firms are making zero monetary benefit. c. Firms experience diminishing minimal income. d. Cost is equivalent to minor expense. 2. Harmony amounts in business sectors described by oligopoly is a. Lower than in imposing business model business sectors and higher than in completely serious markets. b. Lower than in imposing business model business sectors and lower than in completely serious markets. c. Higher than in imposing business model business sectors and higher than in completely serious markets.Assume that two companies (C and D) are duopolists that produce identical products. Demand for the products is given by the following linear demand function:P = 600 - QC - QDwhere QC and QD are the quantities sold by the respective firms and P is the selling price. Total cost functions for the two companies areTCC = 25000 + 100QCTCD = 20000 + 125QDAssume that the firms act independently as in the Cournot model (i.e., each firm assumes that the other firm’s output will not change).a. Determine the long-run equilibrium output and selling price for each firm.b. Determine the total profits for each firm at the equilibrium output found in Part (a).
- Consider trade relations between the United States and Mexico. Assume that the leaders of the two countries believe the payoffs to alternative trade policies are as follows a. What is the dominant strategy for the United States? For Mexico? Explain. b. Define Nash equilibrium. What is the Nash equilibrium for trade policy? c. In 1993, the U.S.Congress ratified the North American Free Trade Agreement, in which the United States and Mexico agreed to reduce trade barriers simultaneously. Do the perceived payoffs shown here justify this approach to trade policy? Explain. d. Based on your understanding of the gains from trade (discussed in Chapters 3 and 9), do you think that these payoffs actually reflect a nation's welfare under the four possible outcomes?Many schemes for price discrintination involve somecosL For example, discount coupons take up the timeand resources of both the buyer and the seller. Thisquestion considers the implications of costly pricediscrimination. To keep things simple, let's assumethat our monopolist's production costs arc simplyproportional to output so that average total cost andmarginal cost arc constant and equal to each other.CHAPTER 15 MONOPOLY 317a. Draw the cost., demand, and marginal-revenuecurves for the monopolist. Show the pricethe monopolist would charge without pricediscrimination.b. ln your diagram, mark the area equal to the mernopolist's prolit and call it X. Mark the area equalto consumer surplus and call it Y. Mark the areaequal to the deadweight loss and call it Z.c. Now suppose that the monopolist can perfectlyprice discriminate. What is the monopolist'sprofit? (Give your answer in terms of X, Y, and Z.)d. What is the change in the monopolist's prolit fromprice discrimination? What is the…Indicate whether the statement is TRUE, FALSE, or UNCERTAIN and explain why. 1. It is economically more efficient to have a monopolist that discriminates perfectlythan a monopolist that sets a single price. 2. If a monopsonist faces a perfectly elastic supply curve, there will be no deadweightloss relative to the competitive outcome 3. In a Cournot duopoly market, the two firms agree to produce half of the monopolyoutput level for that market and split the resulting profit. Since the monopoly profit is the highest profit that can be obtained, the two firms will always stick to that agreement even if it’s not legally (or in any other way) binding.
- COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Cournot Model:In the market for a given good there are only 2 firms satisfying the demand, and their respective total cost functions respond to the form: CTi = 10Qi + 5 and the demand is estimated to be: P = 31 - QIf the decision variable for both firms is that the quantity they will produce and realize will be decided simultaneously it is asked to:(a) calculate the profit and reaction function of each firmb) graph market equilibriumc) calculate the profits that both companies will obtain in equilibriumUsing suitable graphs, briefly explain the behavior and basic characteristics of following oligopoly modelsa) Sweezy oligopoly modelb) Cournot oligopoly modelc) Stackelberg oligopoly modeld) Bertrand oligopoly modelProvide a real -world example of a market that approximates each oligopoly setting, and explain your reasoninge) Cournot oligopoly modelf) Stackelberg oligopoly modelg) Bertrand oligopoly modelAssume that two companies (A and B) are duopolists who produce identical products. Demand for the products is given by the following linear demand function:P = 200 - QA - QBwhere QA and QB are the quantities sold by the respective firms and P is the sellingprice. Total cost functions for the two companies areTCA = 1500 + 55QA + Q2ATCB = 1200 + 20QB + 2Q2BAssume that the firms act independently as in the Cournot model (i.e., each firmassumes that the other firm’s output will not change).a. Determine the long-run equilibrium output and selling price for each firm.b. Determine Firm A, Firm B, and total industry profits at the equilibrium solutionfound in Part (a).